FISDAP Cardiology Exam Study Set: Key Terms & Definitions

A 54 year old complains of chest tightness after raking leaves for an hour. The pain subsided after rest and 2 NTG. He has had very similar episodes in the past. He most likely experiencing?

Angina Pectoris

At what rate should single rescuer CPR be performed for a 17 year old female?

120 per min

A 40 year old patient with a history of coronary artery disease and recent mastectomy is complaining of chest discomfort. Vitals are P 120, R 22, and BP 80/54. You should suspect?

Cardiogenic Shock

NTG is a medication that is typically administered?

Sublingually

A patient was struck by lighting. You should suspect?

An irregular heartbeat

During CPR which of the following is most important?

Minimal interruptions during compressions

A buildup of calcium and cholesterol form plaque inside a blood vessel which would most likely be the cause?

Atherosclerosis

During the Primary Assessment a 57 year old female says she has chest pain and points to her epigastric area. What should you do?

Obtain vital signs

What is the cause of heart failure?

Inadequate ejection of blood from the ventricles

A cardiac arrest patient has been down for 6 minutes without care. What should you do?

Start compressions

An adult patient is in cardiac arrest with bystander CPR in progress. What should do?

Continue CPR while partner does AED

If heart lacks the power to pump blood through the circulatory system, it is known as?

Cardiogenic shock

A 67 year old male has significant SOB, chest pain, and nausea. He is ashen and clammy. Vitals are BP 90/60, P 148, and R 34. You should?

Place in supine position

A child is in cardiac arrest with unknown down time. What should you do?

AED

When do coronary arteries fill with blood

Diastolic

A 36 year old female with history of congenital heart defects is slow to respond. She is pale, cool, and clammy. Vitals are BP 68/30, P 128, and R 26. What should you suspect?

Cardiogenic shock

A 73 year old female has chest pain and SOB with bilateral crackles. Vitals are 80/40, P 112, and R 22. What is most likely cause?

Cardiogenic shock

A65 year old male complains of weakness and indigestion that began in the morning. Vitals are 150/90, P 116, and R 24. You should suspect?

Myocardial Infarction

What is the primary action of NTG?

Dilates coronary arteries

An oriented 78 year old female with pale, moist skin is complaining of indigestion. Vital signs are Bp 180/90, P 116, and irregular, R 24 and regular. What should you suspect?

Myocardial infarction

A patient presents with a sudden onset of tearing chest pain, absent radial pulse on the right arm, and a history of high blood pressure.

Aortic dissection

A 67 year old male with a history of asthma complains of chest tightness, SOB. Took 1 NTG but no relief. He is pale and sweaty. O2 saturation of 76%. What should you do?

Give oxygen via nonrebreather

Sudden severe increase of blood pressure is called?

Hypertensive crisis

A 64 year old patient tells you I feel like I'm about to die. You administer NTG and O2 and there is no relief of chest pain. Vitals are BP 90/66, P 60, R 24. You should?

Transport immediately

69 year old male lying in bed complains of chest pain during your primary assessment he becomes unresponsive and pulseless. What should you do?

Move to a hard surface

What valve controls blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle?

Mitral valve

Which patient is most likely to benefit from an AED?

54 year old choking patient who becomes unresponsive with no carotid pulse

What action does Aspirin have in the body that makes it beneficial for patients experiencing an AMI?

Prevents platelets from clotting

Which vessels regulate regional blood flow to the capillary bodies?

arterioles

Which of the following is the largest artery in the body?

Aorta

Systolic blood pressure measures which of the following?

Ventricular contraction

The pulmonary artery carries?

deoxygenated blood away from the heart

What is the muscular middle layer of the heart

Myocardium

What best describes PEA?

Organized electrical activity without a pulse

Chronic hypertension in adults typically begins at a pressure of higher than?

140/90

A 44 year old awakened with SOB complaining of indigestion, nausea, and epigastric pressure. Antacids didn't help. You should suspect?

Myocardial infarction

An adult with a heart rate of 50 is considered?

Bradycardia

A 36 year old with chest pain is conscious and alert SPO2 93%, you should?

Nasal cannula 4 L/min

Blood enter the right atrium from?

Vena cava

A 78 year old diabetic patient with syncopal episode has anxiety, SOB, and back pain. You should suspect?

Acute coronary syndrome

2 minutes after assisting with 3rd nitro. Complains of dizziness and sweaty. Radial pulse is present but rapid and weak. You should suspect?

NTG caused vasodilation and decreased perfusion

A 60 year old with SOB, cyanotic, lung sounds crackles and accessory muscle use. Use should suspect?

Left heart failure

Which electrical disturbance will an AED shock?

V-Fib

During CPR why is the upstroke of the compression critical?

Allows blood to fill the heart chamber

After blood has been oxygenated, it returns to the heart by entering the

Left atrium

During adult CPR you should compress the chest

At least 2 inches

You just arrived at scene of a 75 year old male with weakness and chest pain. he has not taken his prescribed medications of NTG, aspirin, and atenolol. You should?

Contact medical control to assist the patient with NTG

A 62 year old patient complains of chest pain and lightheadedness. Vitals are 88/56, P 126, and R 18. What is the best position of this patient?

Supine

EMRs have been performing effective CPR on a patient in cardiac arrest. Upon arrival the AED indicates "shock advised." What should you do?

Defibrillate the patient

Asthmatic 50 year old female patient is sitting at her desk. She is anxious and complaining of tightness in her chest. You should?

Assist with prescribed inhaler

Which of the following is a sign of cardiogenic shock?

Progressive hypotension

You observe an older male slumped on the floor. He is pulseless. What should you do?

Start compressions

After delivering one shock with an AED your patient now has a pulse and effective respirations. Which position should you put them in?

Recovery

Chest pain prior to calling, she took 3 does of her prescribed sublingual NTF with no relief. What should you do?

Assess her vital signs

What causes heart failure?

Inadequate ejection of blood from the ventricles

Aspirin is administerd to patients with chest pain because it?

Decreases ability of platelets to form clots

CPR has been ongoing for 10 minutes on a patient in cardiac arrest. An AED has just been applied and is ready to analyze. You should?

Stop CPR and clear the patient

A 48 year old male complains of an 8/10 crushing chest pain that radiates to his neck. Vital signs are 112/78, P 60 and R 18. Patients daily medications include metoprolol, Cialis, and aspirin. What should you do?

Transport rapidly in a position of comfort to closest facility

While performing chest compression, you should?

Position your shoulders over your hands

A patient who collapsed has been revived following one shock with an AED. She is now moaning and breathing on her own. What should you do?

Put the patient on their side and monitor their airway

Patient complains of chest pain radiating to both sides of his shoulders after dinner. He is pale, diaphoretic, and slightly SOB. Pain worsens with a deep breath. Vitals are 150/90, P 120 and irregular, and R 20. You should suspect?

Myocardial infarction

A 78 year old diabetic patient with a syncopal episode now complains of anxiety, SOB, and back pain. You should suspect?

Acute coronary syndrome

An 84 year old male with a history of "heart problems" complains of chest pain. The chest pain started 30 mins ago while at rest. Vital signs are 110/70, P 92, R 20, SPO2 95%. What should you do?

Assist patient with prescribed NTG

A patient complains of substernal chest pain with radiating pain to his back and jaw, the pain is not relieved with rest, you should suspect?

Acute Myocardial Infarction

A 49 year old man with a history of heart problems complains of chest pressure and SOB. You should assist him in taking his nitroglycerin if he?

Complains of a headache and has a BP of 132/90

A 48 year old patient complains of difficulty breathing, patients history reveals an AMI 8 months ago, vital signs are 144/86, P 110, and R 24, auscultation reveals crackles in the lung bases. You should suspect?

Pulmonary Edema

After an AED has analyzed a patient. the machine states "shock advised." The most likely cause is

Ventricular tachycardia

The vessels that supply the myocardium are called the

Coronary arteries

An 80 year old male presents with SOB, fatigue, peripheral edema, and JVD. Breath sounds reveal crackles and rhonchi. The most likely cause is

CHF

You shocked a patient back into normal rhythm with an AED. During transport, the patient becomes cyanotic and pulseless. What should you do?

Start CPR, and request the EMS unto to stop

A patient complains of chest pain radiating to both of his shoulder after dinner He is pale, diaphoretic and slightly SOB. The pain worsens with a deep breath. Vital signs are BP 150/90, P 120, and R 20. You should suspect

MI

A 57 year old female developed severe weakness and mild SOB while shoveling snow. She is diaphoretic and complaining of nausea and jaw pain. You should suspect

AMI

you are in an airport and see an adult collapse. As you get the AED from the wall, a bystander starts CPR. If indicated, you should deliver your first shock:

ASAP on arrival at the patient's side