Ap Human 2.10-2.12 vocab

Migration

Is the permanent or semipermanent relocation of people from one place to another

Voluntary migration

Most people who move do so in search of a better life. They are part of the…The choice usually combines a design to move away from someplace with a decision to move toward someplace else

Push factors

which are negative circumstances, events, or conditions present where they live that compels a person to leave

Pull factors

once migrants decide to leave, they usually choose a destination based on its positive conditions and circumstances

Immigrant

is a person who migrates across an International border with the intention of staying permanently

Emigrant

when people migrate away from somewhere

Emigrate

leave one's own country in order to settle permanently in another.

Xenophobia

a strong dislike of people of another culture

Migration transition model

that countries in stages 2 and 3 of the demographics transition model experience rapid population growth and overcrowding

Intervening obstacles

barriers that make reaching their desired destination more difficult

Intervening opportunity

migrants many encounter opportunities en route that disrupt their original migration plan

Distance decay

the further apart two places are, the less likely it is that people will migrate between those places

Gravity model of migration

the model assumes that the size and distance between two cities or countries will influence the amount of interactions that include migration, travel and economic activity

Step migration

a process in which migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller moves

Rural to urban migration

the physical movement of people from rural (countryside) areas to urban (city) areas

Remittances

When migrants send home part of their earnings in the form of either cash or goods to support their families

Counter migration

each migration flow produces a movement in the opposite direction

Return migration

immigrants moving back to their former home

Forced migration

migration that is involuntary, meaning migrants have no choice but to move

Internally displaced persons (IDPs)

people forced to flee their homes due to conflict, violence, human rights violations, or natural or human-made disasters, but they remain within the borders of their own country

Refugee

if they cross International borders they are

Asylum

is protection granted by one country to an immigrant from another country who has a legitimate fear of harm or death if he or she returns

Voluntary migration

when people choose to relocate

Brain drain

when migration out of a country is made up of many highly skilled people it is called

Internal migration

the movement of people from one area to another within their own country,

Transnational migration

when people move from one country to another, or internationally rather than internally

Chain migration

explains many patterns of migration and help migrants transition into the receiving country

Guest workers

are also transitional migrants who relocate to a new country to provide labor that isn’t available locally

Transhumance

the process of herders moving with their animals to different pastures during different seasons is

Guest worker policies

these regulate the number if workers who can temporarily enter each country to work in specific industries for a defined amount of time

Family reunification

policies that allow migrants to sponsor family members who migrate to the country

Ethnic enclaves

neighborhoods filled primarily with people of the same ethnic group

Cotton belt

agricultural region of the southern U.S. where cotton is the main cash crop.

Rust belt

a U.S. region stretching across the Northeast and Midwest, including states like Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin, that were once industrial powerhouses but experienced economic decline due to deindustrialization and globalization, leaving behind decaying factories and urban decay

Sun belt

a broad, amorphous region in the southern and southwestern U.S., stretching from Florida to Southern California, characterized by a warm climate and historically significant population and economic growth