Module 1 Monday: Introduction to Zoology, Biology

Level of organization

• Atoms

• Macromolecules

• Cells

• Tissues

• Organs

• Organisms

• ecology- interactions between organisms and enviroment

What are the Two major domains of organisms

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

What is Taxonomy and Binomial Nameclature… how to do it?

• Taxonomy: Naming/classifying organisms

• Binomial: Two-name system, Genus and Species

  • Genus is capitalized species is not, both are italicized

  • Ie. Homo sapiens.

Which type of cell is usually larger—prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A: Eukaryotic cells.

What is the significance of surface area in cells?

Greater surface area allows for more efficient nutrient/waste exchange.

How do eukaryotic cells benefit from compartmentalized organelles?

It allows incompatible processes to occur simultaneously in different areas.

What are organelles?

Membrane-bound structures in eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions (like businesses in a city analogy).

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling what enters and exits the cell.

What is cytosol

The jelly-like fluid inside the cell where organelles float.

What is the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm?

Cytosol is the fluid itself; cytoplasm refers to the fluid plus the organelles within it.

Which domains contain prokaryotic cells?

Bacteria and Archaea.

Where is the DNA located in prokaryotic cells?

In a region called the nucleoid (not enclosed in a membrane).

Do prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles?

No, only eukaryotic cells do.

What is the role of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis.

What extra structure do bacterial cells often have that animal cells do not?

A cell wall.

What are flagella and fimbriae used for in bacteria?

Flagella help with movement; fimbriae help with attachment to surfaces.Where is DNA housed in eukaryotic cells?
A: In the nucleus, which is membrane-bound.

Where is DNA housed in eukaryotic cells?

In the nucleus, which is membrane-bound.

What are organelles?

Membrane-bound structures in eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions (like businesses in a city analogy).

How do eukaryotic cells benefit from compartmentalized organelles?

: It allows incompatible processes to occur simultaneously in different areas.