APUSH Period 3 ID Terms

eradicate

to destroy entirely

virtue

behavior showing high moral standards

statesmanship

skill in managing public affairs, nationally or internationally

acquit

to declare not guilty

virtual

existing in results or in essence but not officially or in name; Parliamentary ideology

unitary

A nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state

tariff

government tax on goods; played a role in regional divide between the South and the North

Samuel Adams

American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence

James Otis

The writer of the pamphlet "The Rights of the British Colonists' Asserted & Proved"; defended the English principle of taxation where tax could only be give by directly elected representatives

Pontiac

an Ottawa chief who led a rebellion against colonists who moved west of the Appalachian Mountain; this event led to the Proclamation of 1763

Thomas Paine

author of "Common Sense"; turned colonial anger to King; opposition to absolutism, divine right, and monarchy

Patrick Henry

a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799), "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death"

republicanism

Political theory of representative government, based on the principle of popular sovereignty, with a strong emphasis on liberty and civic virtue. Influential in eighteenth-century American political thought, it stood as an alternative to monarchical rule.

nationalism

an ideology that asserts that a nation is formed by a group of people with a common identity, language, history, and set of customs; excess pride in one's country

subordinate

placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or position

quarter

to provide or pay for housing (for soldiers)

Connecticut Compromise

Compromise that settled the dispute during the drafting process of Constitution; each state regardless of their size will have 2 Senators and representation on lower house will based on population

Alexander Hamilton

1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt; Federalist; believed in "rich and well born" ruling the nation; broad interpretation of the Constitution (Elastic Cause)

liberalism

political ideology that emphasizes individual rights, liberty, consent of the governed, equality before the law, and private property.

leverage

the use of borrowed money to supplement existing funds for purposes of investment

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the Declaration of Independence; democratic republican; opposed Alexander Hamilton's financial plan; first secretary of state and third president

federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

democracy

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

habeas corpus

a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention; right to a trial by jury

mercenary

an individual, typically a soldier, hired to fight for payment rather than political or ideological

resolution

a firm decision to do or not to do something.

sovereignty

the authority of a state to govern itself or another state.

Phillis Wheatley

First African American female writer to be published in the United States. Her book Poems on Various Subjects was published in 1773, pioneered African-American literature. One of the most well- known poets in America during her day; first African American to get a volume of poetry published.

Mercy Otis Warren

American activist poet, playwright, and pamphleteer during the American Revolution; wrote satirical plays and poems to promote revolutionary ideals and served as a prominent intellectual figure by publishing a groundbreaking three-volume history of the American Revolution

Abigail Adams

political advisor to her husband, the second U.S. president, through her extensive correspondence, and an early advocate for women's rights, famously urging the Continental Congress to "Remember the Ladies" in 1776. She was also a passionate opponent of slavery and became the first First Lady to live in the White House

Battle of Saratoga

American victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution.

Battle of Yorktown

Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.

republic

A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.

amendment

A change or addition to the Constitution

reconciliation

the act of agreement after a quarrel, the resolution of a dispute

ratify

to formally approve a plan or agreement

Paxton Boys

They were a group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protection from Indian attacks. They made an armed march on Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator Movement in North Carolina.

Regulators

These were vigilante groups active in the 1760s and 1770s in the western parts of North and South Carolina. They violently protested high taxes and insufficient representation in the colonial legislature.

impeachment

An action by the House of Representatives to accuse the president, vice president, or other civil officers of the United States of committing "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors."

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.