Aerobic and anaerobic Respiration

A set of flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to metabolism, cellular respiration, and the biochemical pathways involved.

Metabolism

The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.

Aerobic Respiration

A process that requires oxygen to convert glucose into energy (ATP).

Glycolysis

The first step in cellular respiration that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid.

Kreb's Cycle

A series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy.

Electron Transport Chain

A series of protein complexes that transfer electrons through redox reactions to create ATP.

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate; the primary energy carrier in cells.

Pyruvic Acid

The product of glycolysis, which can be further used in the Kreb's cycle.

NADH + H+

Reduced form of NAD+ that carries electrons to the electron transport chain.

CO₂

Carbon dioxide, a byproduct of cellular respiration.

Coenzyme A

A coenzyme that plays a critical role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids.

Acetyl CoA

A molecule formed from pyruvic acid that enters the Kreb's cycle.

FADH2

An electron carrier produced during the Kreb's cycle.

Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate

An intermediate in glycolysis.

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

An important intermediate in glycolysis produced from fructose bisphosphate.

1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric Acid

An intermediate compound formed during glycolysis.

Fructose 6-phosphate

An intermediate molecule in glycolysis, derived from glucose.

Phosphofructokinase

An enzyme that regulates glycolysis by converting fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.

Phosphoenolpyruvic Acid

An intermediate of glycolysis that is converted into pyruvic acid.

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

A product of the glycolytic pathway that is split into two three-carbon sugars.

Oxaloacetic Acid

A four-carbon molecule that combines with acetyl CoA in the Kreb's cycle.

Citric Acid

The six-carbon compound formed in the Kreb's cycle from oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA.

Malic Acid

An organic acid involved in the Kreb's cycle.

Fumaric Acid

A four-carbon dicarboxylic acid produced and consumed in the Kreb's cycle.

Succinic Acid

A four-carbon dicarboxylic acid formed in the Kreb's cycle.

Alpha-ketoglutaric Acid

A five-carbon compound that is a key intermediate in the Kreb's cycle.

Isocitric Acid

An intermediate in the Kreb's cycle derived from citric acid.

Chemiosmosis

The process of generating ATP by the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane.

Hydrogen Pumping

The process of pumping H+ ions through the electron transport chain.

Electron Carrier Molecules

Proteins that transport electrons in the electron transport chain.

Mitochondrial Membrane

The inner membrane of the mitochondria where the electron transport chain occurs.

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons.