Med Term Final Study Guide

Hyper-

excessive, more than normal, too much

Vertebr/o-

vertebra (backbone)

Spondyl/o-

backbone, vertebra (ex. Spondylosis)

Angio-

vessel, blood (ex. Angiography)

Intra-

within

Aut-

self

Erythr/o-

red

Arthr/o-

joint

Poly-

many, much (polyuria- production of abnormally large volumes of urine)

-malacia

softening

Cholecyst/o-

gallbladder

Dys-

bad, painful, difficult, abnormal (dyspnea, difficulty breathing)

Endo-

within, in, inner

Trans-

across, through

Myring/o-

ear drum

Muscul/o-

muscle

Larynx-

“voice box” (containing vocal cords)

Ectopic Pregnancy-

The fallopian tube (ectopic tubal pregnancy) is the most common site for ectopic pregnancies (95%), but they can also occur on the ovary or on the surface of the peritoneum. Normal implantation takes place on the inner lining (endometrium) of the uterus

Pharynx-

pharyng/o, throat, common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose

Trachea-

trache/o, windpipe

Cystoscopy-

Visual examination of the urinary bladder

Ren/o-

kidney (use with -AL and -GRAM)

Dermatitis-

inflammation of the skin

Gastritis-

inflammation of the stomach

Nephr/o-

kidney

Neuralgia-

nerve pain

-osis

condition, abnormal condition

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-oma

tumor, mass

-sclerosis

hardening

Hyperglycemia-

high blood sugar

Hypoglycemia-

low blood sugar

Antepartum-

before birth

Postpartum-

after birth

Neonatal-

Pertaining to new birth; the first 4 weeks after birth

Hyperthyroidism-

Excessive activity of the thyroid gland

Hypothyroidism-

Less than normal activity of the thyroid gland.

Adenectomy-

removal of a gland

Arthralgia-

pain in the joint

Cephalgia-

headache

Hemoglobin-

Oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells.

Myocardial Infarction-

Death of tissue in heart muscle; also known as a heart attack or an MI.

Sarcoma-

Cancerous (malignant) tumor of connective tissue, such as bone, muscle, fat, or cartilage. The root SARC means flesh.

Carcinoma-

Cancerous tumor. Carcinomas form from epithelial cells that line the internal organs and cover the outside of the body.

Cerebrovascular Accident-

Blood is prevented from reaching areas of the cerebrum, and brain cells die; also called a STROKE.

Thrombosis-

Abnormal condition of clot formation.

Spinal Cord-

Bundle of nerves that extends from the brain down the back. Spinal nerves carry electrical messages to and from the spinal cord

Peritoneum-

Membrane that surrounds the abdomen and holds the abdominal organs in place.

Pericardium-

Membrane surrounding the heart.

Mediastinum-

Space between the lungs in the chest. The mediastinum contains the heart, large blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, and lymph nodes.

Number of Cervical vertebrae-

7

Number of thoracic vertebrae-

12

Number of lumbar vertebrae-

5

Coccyx-

tailbone

Sacrum-

Triangular bone in the lower back, below the lumbar bones and formed by five fused bones.

Diaphragm-

Muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen.

Hepatic-

pertaining to the liver

Psychosis-

Abnormal condition of the mind; a serious mental disorder that involves loss of normal perception of reality

Abdominal Cavity-

Space below the chest that contains organs such as the stomach, liver, intestines, and gallbladder. The abdomen lies between the diaphragm and the pelvis.

Thoracic Cavity-

Space above the abdomen that contains the heart, lungs, and other organs, the chest cavity.

Sagittal plane-

(lateral) divides the body into right and left sides

Transverse plane-

(axial) divides the body into upper and lower portions (cross sections)

Frontal plane-

(coronal) divides the body into front and back (anterior/posterior) portions

Thoracotomy-

Incision of the chest.

Tracheotomy-

Incision of the trachea.

Crani/o-

skull

Sub-

under, less than

Otalgia-

pain in the ear

Myalgia-

Pain in a muscle or muscles.

Otitis-

Inflammation of an ear.

Hematoma-

Mass or collection of blood under the skin. Commonly called a bruise or “black-and-blue” mark.

Musculoskeletal System:

Organs that support the body and allow it to move, including the muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissues

Nervous System:

Organs (brain, spinal cord, and nerves) that transmit electrical messages throughout the body.

Endocrine System:

Endocrine glands

Reproductive System:

Digestive System:

Organs that bring food into the body and break it down to enter the bloodstream or eliminate it through the rectum and anus.

Anterior-

front side

Posterior-

back side

Meningitis-

Inflammation of the meninges (membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord).

Lateral-

side

Medial-

middle

Pleuritis-

Inflammation of the double membrane that surrounds the lungs.

-dipsia

thirst

Bradycardia-

slow heartbeat

Tachycardia-

fast heartbeat

Acute-

Sharp, sudden, and intense for a short period of time.

88.

lasting a long time

Cystitis-

Inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Subdural-

Collection of blood under the dura mater (outermost layer of the membranes surrounding the brain).

Bronchitis-

Inflammation of bronchial tubes.

Pericarditis-

surrounding the heart

Amniocentesis-:

Puncture of the amnion (sac surrounding the developing fetus)

Arthrocentesis-

Puncture to remove fluid from a joint. This usually is done through the skin with a percutaneous needle.

Laparotomy-

Incision of the abdomen. A surgeon makes a large incision across the abdomen to examine and operate on its organs.

Peritoneal Dialysis-

Process of removing wastes from the blood by introducing a special fluid into the abdomen (peritoneal cavity). The wastes pass into the fluid from the bloodstream, and then the fluid is drained from the body.

Ultrasonography-

Recording of internal sound waves as they impact body structures

Meningitis-

Inflammation of the meninges (membranes around the brain and spinal cord).

Anemia-

Deficiency of hemoglobin and/or in number of red blood cells. This results in reduced delivery of oxygen to body cells.

Angioplasty-

Surgical repair of a blood vessel. A tube (catheter) is placed in a clogged artery and a balloon at the end of the tube is inflated to flatten the clogged material against the wall of the artery. This enlarges the opening of the artery so that more blood can pass through. Also called balloon angioplasty.

Atherosclerosis-

Hardening of arteries. The most common form is atherosclerosis, which is hardening of arteries caused by collection of fatty, cholesterol-like deposits (plaque) in arteries.