4. The New Nation (1789-1824)

What year was the constitution ratified?

1788.

When and where did the first modern congress convene under the U.S. constitution?

March 4th, 1789 in New York City

Under Washington, who was the head of the Department of Treasury? Who was the head of the Department of Justice & the first attorney general?

Alexander Hamilton. Edmund Randolph.

What did the early federalist establishment create? And what four departments?

-The court system
-Department of State, Treasure, War, and Justice

Hamilton proposed that the federal government assume ________ to strengthen national credit and central authority.

State debts

What did Hamilton create as the foundation of American capitalism? How was it funded?

He created the first national bank and a budget that was funded by national debt. He also created the federal tax system.

Who opposed Hamilton’s economic system?

Farmers

Which emerging political party opposed the federalists?

Republicans

Who supported the federalists and what region? Who supported republicans?

Federalists: supported by business owners and financial system in the northeast
Republicans: farmers in the rural/frontier of the south and west

Which presendential precedent was established by George Washington?

Set an informal precedent of stepping down after two terms

How did the French revolution cause problems for the U.S.?

Because Americans were still trading with the French in the west indies, Britain retaliated by capturing merchant ships and forcing their navy to serve them

Who eased tensions between the U.S. and Britain? With what Treaty?

John Jay negotiated the 1794 Jay Treaty to prevent war

What treaty calmed tensions between U.S. and Spain? How?

1795 Treaty of Spain/Pickney, allowed Americans to use the Mississippi river and port of New Orleans

What internal U.S. conflict was happening on the northwest and southwest borders?

American settlers were trying to take Native land

1794 Battle of Fallen timbers significance

General Anthony Wayne defeated the natives, negotiated Treaty of Grenville

What did the 1795 Treaty of Grenville establish?

Natives gave up most of Ohio and other land to the U.S.

What was John Adams’ career background before presidency?

-Established lawmaker from Massachusetts
-Member of continental congress and diplomat
-Washington’s Vice President

John Adams was the first president to do what?

Live in the white house

What did John Adams inherit in his presidency?

An undeclared naval war with the French, who had seized 300 american ships

What were the 1797-1798 XYZ affairs?

John Adams attempted to solve tensions with France, but three french agents demanded bribes/loans before peace talks could happen