Barron AP Bio - U0C2

null hypothesis

default statement that says there is no significant difference between 2 groups in an experiment

null hypothesis

H₀

chi-square test

statistical test used to compare the observed & expected results of an experiment’s primary data

chi-square test

primary data

original info collected firsthand for a specific purpose

processed data

raw (primary) data that has been organized into a usable format

summation symbol

the symbol signaling to do the following calculation for each data category

summation symbol

∑

degrees of freedom

number of independent values that are free to vary in a calculation

degrees of freedom

number of categories - 1

degrees of freedom

df

p-value

probability that observed data is produced by random chance; usually 0.05 (5%)

critical value

threshold cutoff point used in hypothesis testing using degrees of freedom & p-value

critical value

descriptive statistics

statistics that describe a data set’s features

spread

amount of variability

mean

average of a data set

mean

sample size

n

sample size

number of data set’s data points (numbers)

median

data set’s midpoint

standard deviation

s

standard deviation

average of how far each data point is from a data set’s mean

standard deviation

standard error of the mean

SEM

standard error of the mean

measure of how spread out a data set is; how much the data set’s mean would change over repeated experiments

standard error of the mean

95% confidence interval

95% CI

95% confidence interval

type of error bar that can be made by the standard error of the mean

95% confidence interval

upper limit

this is a 95% CI’s:

lower limit

this is a 95% CI’s:

mode

data set’s most frequently used value

range

highest value of data set - lowest value of data set

laws of probability

fundamental mathematical rules used to calculate the chance that an event or multiple events will happen

allele frequencies

use this equation to find:

genotype frequencies

use this equation to find:

water potential

Ψ

water potential

use this equation to find:

pressure potential

use this equation to find:

solute potential

use this equation to find:

pH

use this equation to find:

Simpson’s Diversity Index

way to measure an ecosystem’s biodiversity

Simpson’s Diversity Index

use this equation to find:

general population rate

use this equation to find:

population growth rate

measured by comparing population’s birth & death rate

population growth rate

use this equation to find:

surface area

these equations find:

volume

these equations find:

giga

which metric prefix? (left symbol, right factor)

mega

which metric prefix? (left symbol, right factor)

kilo

which metric prefix? (left symbol, right factor)

deci

which metric prefix? (left symbol, right factor)

centi

which metric prefix? (left symbol, right factor)

milli

which metric prefix? (left symbol, right factor)

micro

which metric prefix? (left symbol, right factor)

nano

which metric prefix? (left symbol, right factor)

pico

which metric prefix? (left symbol, right factor)