Key Concepts in Web Development and Design

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41 Terms

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Progressive Enhancement

A strategy that emphasizes accessibility and basic functionality first, then enhances with advanced features.

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Advantages of Progressive Enhancement

1. Improved accessibility; 2. Graceful degradation on older browsers.

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GET vs POST

GET appends data in URL, used for data retrieval; POST sends data in request body, used for data submission.

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To allow HTML to load before scripts execute, improving performance.

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RESTful API

An API that uses HTTP methods and is stateless, often returns JSON.

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CRUD operations and HTTP methods

Create - POST, Read - GET, Update - PUT, Delete - DELETE.

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Purpose of the DOM

To represent HTML as a tree structure that can be manipulated with JavaScript.

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AJAX

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML; used to send/receive data without refreshing the page.

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Cookies in web development

To store user information on the client side.

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Session in PHP

A way to store user data across multiple pages.

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Start a session in PHP

Use session_start() at the top of the PHP file.

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Prepared statement in PHP

A precompiled SQL statement that protects against SQL injection.

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Advantages of PDO over MySQLi

PDO supports multiple databases and provides a uniform interface.

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Access a DOM element by ID

Using document.getElementById('id').

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CORS

Cross-Origin Resource Sharing; allows restricted resources on a web page to be requested from another domain.

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Prevent SQL Injection

By using prepared statements and parameterized queries.

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Box Model in CSS

Content + Padding + Border + Margin.

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Inline, internal, and external CSS

Inline: style inside tag; Internal: in

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JSON

JavaScript Object Notation; a lightweight format for data exchange.

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Purpose of the MVC design pattern

To separate concerns: Model (data), View (UI), Controller (logic).

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HTML5 semantic tags

Tags like

,
,

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Prefer over and over

They convey meaning (semantics) for accessibility.

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Validate a form with HTML5

Using attributes like required, type='email', minlength, etc.

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Function of the tag

Used to display computer code in HTML.

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Main layers of a dynamic web application

Presentation layer, Logic layer, and Data layer.

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SPA

Single Page Application; loads a single HTML page and dynamically updates content.

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LAMP stack

Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP.

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MEAN stack

MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, Node.js.

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Cascade in CSS

Rules are applied based on specificity, importance, and source order.

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Purpose of the $_POST superglobal

To collect data sent in HTTP POST requests.

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Create a new HTML element with JavaScript

document.createElement('tag')

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Write a function in JavaScript

function name() { // code }

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Event handler in JS

A function that responds to user actions like clicks.

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Modal dialog

A popup that blocks access to the page until dismissed.

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Purpose of writeCookie()

To store data in a cookie.

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Purpose of readCookie()

To retrieve data from a cookie.

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Include a CSS file in HTML

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Difference between == and === in JS

== checks value; === checks value and type.

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Callback function

A function passed as an argument and executed later.

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JSON.stringify()

Converts a JavaScript object to a JSON string.

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Purpose of XMLHttpRequest

To make HTTP requests in JavaScript.