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Progressive Enhancement
A strategy that emphasizes accessibility and basic functionality first, then enhances with advanced features.
Advantages of Progressive Enhancement
1. Improved accessibility; 2. Graceful degradation on older browsers.
GET vs POST
GET appends data in URL, used for data retrieval; POST sends data in request body, used for data submission.
To allow HTML to load before scripts execute, improving performance.
RESTful API
An API that uses HTTP methods and is stateless, often returns JSON.
CRUD operations and HTTP methods
Create - POST, Read - GET, Update - PUT, Delete - DELETE.
Purpose of the DOM
To represent HTML as a tree structure that can be manipulated with JavaScript.
AJAX
Asynchronous JavaScript and XML; used to send/receive data without refreshing the page.
Cookies in web development
To store user information on the client side.
Session in PHP
A way to store user data across multiple pages.
Start a session in PHP
Use session_start() at the top of the PHP file.
Prepared statement in PHP
A precompiled SQL statement that protects against SQL injection.
Advantages of PDO over MySQLi
PDO supports multiple databases and provides a uniform interface.
Access a DOM element by ID
Using document.getElementById('id').
CORS
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing; allows restricted resources on a web page to be requested from another domain.
Prevent SQL Injection
By using prepared statements and parameterized queries.
Box Model in CSS
Content + Padding + Border + Margin.
Inline, internal, and external CSS
Inline: style inside tag; Internal: in
JSON
JavaScript Object Notation; a lightweight format for data exchange.
Purpose of the MVC design pattern
To separate concerns: Model (data), View (UI), Controller (logic).
HTML5 semantic tags
Tags like
Prefer over and over
They convey meaning (semantics) for accessibility.
Validate a form with HTML5
Using attributes like required, type='email', minlength, etc.
Function of the tag
Used to display computer code in HTML.
Main layers of a dynamic web application
Presentation layer, Logic layer, and Data layer.
SPA
Single Page Application; loads a single HTML page and dynamically updates content.
LAMP stack
Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP.
MEAN stack
MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, Node.js.
Cascade in CSS
Rules are applied based on specificity, importance, and source order.
Purpose of the $_POST superglobal
To collect data sent in HTTP POST requests.
Create a new HTML element with JavaScript
document.createElement('tag')
Write a function in JavaScript
function name() { // code }
Event handler in JS
A function that responds to user actions like clicks.
Modal dialog
A popup that blocks access to the page until dismissed.
Purpose of writeCookie()
To store data in a cookie.
Purpose of readCookie()
To retrieve data from a cookie.
Include a CSS file in HTML
Difference between == and === in JS
== checks value; === checks value and type.
Callback function
A function passed as an argument and executed later.
JSON.stringify()
Converts a JavaScript object to a JSON string.
Purpose of XMLHttpRequest
To make HTTP requests in JavaScript.