Breed Predisposition & Disease Vocab

Pincers or level bite

upper & lower rows of teeth meet

mesocephalic

medium proportions of bone width to overall skull

Brachycephalic

short-compressed head rounded cranium

Dolichocephalic

long narrow head w/ shallow cranium

Scissors bite

normal top jaw hanging in front of lower

undershot

long lower jaw teeth projecting beyond upper jaw

Overshot

front teeth protrude short lower jaw

Agouti

alternating bands of light and dark along each hair in the coat

Bat ear

ear that stands up, with a broad base, rounded at the top, with opening facing forward

Belge

this color is black and reddish-brown mixed

Belton

color pattern in light or dark ticking or roaming colors include: blue Belton (black & white), orange Belton (orange and white), lemon Belton (lemon and white), and liver Belton (liver and white)

Bite

relative position of upper and lower teeth when jaws are closed. Bite positions include scissors, level, undershot, or overshot, depending on breed

Blanket

color of coat on back and upper part of sides, between the neck and tail

Blenheim

color of markings of the cavalier King Charles spaniel (red and white)

Blue

gray, color definitely may vary by breed

Blue Merle

color pattern of black blotches or streaks on a blue-grey background

Bleeching

fringing of longish hair at the back borders of the thigh regions

Brindle

layering of black hairs in regions of lighter color (usually fawn, brown, or grey) producing a tiger-striped pattern

Chestnut

deep, heavily saturated reddish brown (like the nut of the same name)

Dapple

a mottled or variegated coat color pattern

Deadgrass

tan or dull straw color

Fawn

brown, red-yellow with hue of medium brilliance

feathering

longer fringe of hair on ears, legs, tail or body

Harlequin

patched or pied coloration. usually black or gray on white

Hound marked

a coloration composed of white, tan, or black. Ground color, usually white, may be marked with tan and/or black patches on head, back legs, and tail

Marcal

regular continuous waves

Merle

marking pattern, used in conjunction w/ another color, characterized by a marbling effect of dark patches against a lighter background of same color

Parti-color

two or more definite, well-broken colors, one of which must be white

Pied

patches of white and another color

Pepper

a lowly saturated, medium brilliant black

Roan

a blue-gray or iron gray, fine mixing of colored hair w/ white hairs

Ruby

a rich, mahogany red

Rust

a medium-brilliant reddish brown

Saddle

marking in the shape of a saddle over the back

Sandy

a dull yellowish gray of medium saturation

Seal

color appears black except that it has a red cast when viewed in the sun or bright light

Self Color

one color or whole color except for lighter shadings

Ticked

small, isolated areas (smaller than spots) of black or colored hairs on a white background

Tricolor

three colors in the coat: white, black, and tan

von Willebrand Disease (vWD)

most common inherited bleeding disorder in dogs

umbilical hernia

common congenital or acquired condition characterized by defect or failure of closure in abdominal wall at the umbilical ring, allowing abdominal contents to protrude into subcutaneous space

Spinal muscular dystrophy

inherited, progressive neuromuscular disease; degeneration and death of lower motor neurons in spinal cord ands brainstorm

“cherry eye” nictitating membrane

prolapse of gland of third eyelid. Delicate connective tissue anchors holding the gland in its normal position weaken or rupture

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)

broad category of inherited, bilateral; genetic disorders characterized by slow, progressive degeneration and atrophy of photoreceptor cells in retina, ultimately leading to complete irreversible blindness

Patella luxation

common orthopedic condition characterized by the abnormal displacement or slipping of the kneecap (patella) out of the trochlear groove of femur

Mammary gland cancer

most common neoplasm found in intact female dogs and third most common in female cats

Canine: 50% are benign and 50% are malignant

Malassezia Dermatitis

common non-contagious superficial skin infection caused by an overgrowth of lipophilic (fat-loving) yeast

Lipoma

benign, slow-growing subcutaneous tumors composed of fat cells, non-painful

Keratoconjunctvitis sick (KCS) “dry eye”

deficiency of aqueous component of the tear film

Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)

displacement, protrusion, extrusion of an intervertebral disc into spinal canal

Inflammatory/irritable bowl disease

idiopathic gastrointestinal disorders characterized by persistent or recurrent gastrointestinal signs—> evidence of inflammatory cell infiltration into the laminate propria of stomach, small intestine, or colon

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA)

life-threatening immunological disease where patients immune system fails to recognize its own red blood cells, targeting them for destruction

Idiopathic epilepsy (inherited seizures)

chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizure that have an inherited or suspected genetic basis

Hypothyroidism

common endocrine disorder in dogs characterized by a deficiency in production and secretion of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) by thyroid gland

Hip dysplasia

varying degrees of laxity (looseness) in the coxofemoral joint

glaucoma

painful, sight-threatening ophthalmic emergency characterized by an abnormal increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). Damage to retina and optic nerve

Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV) bloat

life threatening parachute vet emergency, occurs when stomach fills w/ gas fluid, or food (dilatation) and subsequently twists along its axis (volvulus)

Follicular Dysplasia

non-inflammatory dermalogical disorder characterized by abnormal development and structural malformation of hair follicles

Exercise-Induced Collapse (EIC)

hereditary neuromuscular disorder characterized by sudden muscle weakness incoordinartion and collapse in otherwise healthy athletic dogs during periods of strenuous exercise or high excitement

Entropion

inward rolling or inversion of eyelid malign, causing eyelashes or facial hair to rub against cornea or conjunctiva

Elbow Dysplasia

heritable development orthopedic disease of cubital joint characterized by structural mismatching of radius, ulna, and humerus

Ectropion

ophthalmic condition characterized by outward rolling or sagging of eyelid margin, most commonly affecting lower eyelid

Ear Infection

inflammation/infection of external ear canal

Distichiasis

congenital or acquired eye condition where abnormal eyelashes (distichial) grow from meibomian (tarsal) glands along the inner margin of eyelid

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

primary disease of heart muscle by weakened myocardium that loses it ability to contract efficiently

Dermatological/ Seborrhea

chronic skin disorder, defect in keratinization (skin cell production) leading to abnormal scaling, flaking and excessive production of sebum (skin oils)

Degenerative myelopathy (SOD1 gene)

progressive non painful spinal cord disease in older dogs that leads to hind-limb weakness and eventual paralysis

Crytorchidism

a birth defect where one or both testicles fail to move down into the scrotum before birth

Congenital Deafness

hereditary permanent nerve condition linked to coat pigmentation genes

Chronic otitis

permanent, irreversible structural change where medical management is no longer viable, ear canal cartilage has turned to bone

Cleft palate

terat0gen alkaloids reduce fetal movement and if acting on the bovine fetus b/w 40 and 50 days gestational age, result in persistent head flexion keeping shells which results in cleft palate

Cataracts

opacity of ocular lens or its capsule or both. Treatment consists of surgical removal of lens (lens extraction or cataract extraction)

Behavioral Disorders

any activity judged to be outside of normal behavior pattern for animals of that particular class and age

Atopy

clinical syndrome involving type 1 hypersensitivity (allergy) w/ hereditary predisposition to become sensitized and produce LGE antibodies to allergens commonly found in the environment

Anterior cruciate rupture (ACL)

rupture of the ligament is common in dogs, causing lameness, often w/ joint effusion, and chronic arthritis. surgical reconstruction pr stabilization of joint is recommended

Allergic Dermatitis

inflammation of skin resulting from exposure to antigens to which the animals is hypersensitive; depend on many factors including type of allergen and immune mechanism

Agression/ shyness

multiple forms; angry and destructive behavior-intended/ timid

adult onset hair loss (endocrine hair loss)

secretion of hair loss

acquired myasthenia gravis

an autoimmune disease where the body mistakenly destroys its own acetylcholine (ACH) receptors at the neuromuscular junction

Aortic Stenosis

obstruction to the outflow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta

Atrioventricular heart block

form in which the blocking is at the atrioventricular junction. first -degree when a-v condition time is pro-longed; second degree (partial heart block) when some but not all atrial impulses reach ventricle; third degree (complete heart block) no atrial impulses reach ventricle'; atria and ventricles act independently

Benign Histiocytoma

dermal histioctyic nodule relatively common in young dogs. Despite their malignant histological features, usually undergo spontaneous immune-meidated regression

Cerebellar abiotrophy (ataxia)

incoordination of gait characterized by exaggerated movement. May be congenital due to inflammation or malacia of cerebellum

Chronic Hepatitis

inflammatory liver disease, probably several types w/ different causes, but w/ distinctive histopathological features of personal narcosis, bridging fibrosis, and active cirrhosis

Chronic superficial keratitis

inflammatory granulation tissue, arising from synovial membrane, spreads as a membrane over articular cartilage

Dominance Aggression

behavior by an animal that asserts its dominance over another or a human, such as competing for food, resisting control measures, or assuming dominant postures

Ectopic Cilia

misdirected cilia emerging through palpebral conjunctival surface and usually causing corneal irritation

Hemangiosarcoma

malignant tumor of endothelial cells characterized by extensive metastasis, being carthatious and bleeding profusely if cut. occurs in spleen, liver, skin, right atrium, and muscle

Hemophilia B

an inherited x-linked recessive trait, clinically similar to classical hemophilia but caused by a deficiency of clotting factor (TX) thromboplastin in dogs and cats

Intracranial Meningioma

cause an increase in intracranial pressure and localizing signs, depending on the location of tumor and structures that are compressed

Laryngeal Paralysis

can result from lesions of the vagus or recurrent laryngeal nerves resulting in failure of one or both arytenoid cartilages to abduct during inspiation, may be acquired or congenital

Leukemia

presence in circulating blood of malignant cells produced by malignant neoplasm of the blood forming organs several schemes, together w/ modified versions, exist for classification of leukemias, based on type of abnormal cells that predominate in blood (bone marrow)

lymphoma/ lymphosarcoma

general term applied to malignant neoplastic disorders of lymphoid tissue. In which some usages it implies lymphoma in which malignant lymphocytes have infiltrated nonlymphonant tissues adjacent to lymphoid tissues in which they have arisen

Malignant Histiocytoma

an outdated term for heterogenous group of splenic scarconas that can include histolytic sarcoma. Splenic sarcoma, leimysosarcome, and sarcomas of unknown cell origin

Mast cell tumors

a neoplasm derived from mast cells that occurs in skin of most species, but most commonly dogs. It may also arise in the alimentary tract and spleen. The release of histamine or other vasoactive substances may be associated with/ gastrointestinal duodenal ulceration

Megaesophagus

chronic dilatation of body of esophagus; congenital condition; causing accumulation of food and saliva w/ regurgitation and risk of aspiration pneumonia; may also be acquired and secondary to systemic disease, such as myasthenia gravis

Nasal cavity tumors

an abnormal, uncontrolled proliferation of cells within nasal passages or paranasal sinuses

oropharyngeal neoplasia

abnormal and uncontrolled growth of new tissue (a tumor) located in oral cavity (mouth) or pharynx (throat)

Osteosarcoma

bone-producing malignant tumor, frequently affected in larger dog breeds, most common sites are appendicular long bones. Lamness, swelling, and rapid metastasis to lungs are usual features

Pemphigus foliaceus

results from autoantibodies directed against the desmosomal antigen, desmoglein 1, found in superficial layers of epidermis, paw pad, and nasal planum