1.6 proteins

what is built up from amino acid monomers during condensation reactions

polypeptides

what is formed when an amino group and carboxyl group of another join

peptide bond

what is the first stage of protein production

assembly of a sequence of amino acids to form the primary structure of a protein

covalent bond between 2 amino acids

peptide bond

chain of amino acids formed by condensation reactions

polypeptide

sequence of a polypeptide and number of amino acids in the molecule

primary structure

3-dimensional form of sections of a protein

secondary structure

what does further folding of polypeptide bonds create

tertiary structure

why is tertiary structure important in enzymes

because the shape of an enzyme molecule gives it its unique properties and determines which substrates can fit into its active site

what is the group that varies in different amino acids

the R group or side chain

what is it called when proteins are composed of 2 or more polypeptides linked together and are said to have the final level of protein structure

quaternary structure

how many subunits does the pigment hemoglobin found in red blood cells have

4

elongated polypeptide chains with structural or supporting roles in the body

fibrous proteins

are fibrous proteins soluble in water

no

proteins with a complex rounded shape with a complex rounded shape with functional roles such as enzymes

globular proteins

what kind of structure do globular proteins usually have

tertiary or quaternary

a change in the structure of a protein that results in a loss of its function

denaturation

what can disturb the bonds between the different parts of a protein molecule

heat or the presence of strong acids or alkalis

enzymes are easily denatured by what

extremes of pH or temperature

amino acids are divided into 2 groups according to what

the chemical properties of their side chains or R groups

the formation and disulfide bridges between R groups influence what

the tertiary structure of proteins

amino acids with non-polar side chains are _

amino acids with polar side chains are _

hydrophobic, hydrophilic

where are non-polar amino acids found

in parts of proteins that are in hydrophobic areas

where are polar amino acids found

in areas that are exposed to an aqueous environment such as cytoplasm or blood plasma

what is R group used to abbreviate

a group attached to a large biological molecule

how many out of 20 amino acids have hydrocarbon R groups

6

why are polar and non-polar amino acids also important in enzymes

they assist in the binding of substrates

a non-protein group that forms part of or combines with a protein

prosthetic groups

a protein that consists of a sequence of amino acids to which a prosthetic group is attached

conjugated proteins

the proteins found in an organism are known as..

proteome