Unit 1 Area of Study 1

Sedentary behavior

Time spent doing physically inactive tasks that expend low amounts of energy

Physical inactivity

People who do not get the recommended level of regular physical activity

List each TYPE of bone with an example

Irregular - Vertebrae

Flat - Scapula

Long - Femur

Short -Carpals

Sesamoid - Patella

Synovial joints

Freely movable joints that allow a full range of movement

Cartilage

Cushion between bones

Tendons

Attach muscle to bone

Ligament

Connects bone to bone

Each Synovial Joint with an example

Hinge - knee

Gliding - carpals

Condyloid - wrist

Ball & Socket - hip

Pivot - radius & ulna

Saddle - thumb

Origin

The site where the muscle is attached to a stable bone which the muscle can pull against

Insertion

Where the muscle attaches to a bone that is pulled by the action of the muscle

Agonist

Prime mover

Antagonist

muscle that opposes or relaxes

reciprocal inhibition

The simultaneous contraction of one muscle and the relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement to take place

all or nothing principle

Once action potential reaches threshold, all of the fibers in that motor unit will contract at the same time as forcefully as they can

Isometric

the muscle contracts but the length remains unchanged

slow twitch muscle fibers

Muscle fibers that contract at a slow rate and have great endurance.

fast twitch A muscle fibers

Muscle fibers that contract at a fast rate and have great strength but very little endurance.

Fast twitch B muscle fibers

Purely anaerobic with the fastest rate of contraction.

Sprains

injuries to the ligaments around a joint

Grade 1 - Mild damage to ligament

Grade 2 - Partial tear to ligament

Grade 3 - Complete tear of ligament

Fracture

A cracked or broken bone

Tendonitis

inflammation of a tendon

Osteoarthritis

A reduction in the normal amount of cartilage tissue as a result of wear and tear, injury and infection

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily, as a result of reduced bone density (holes in bones).

3rd class lever

axis, force, resistance

3 determinants of muscle strength

muscle fibre type, muscle size, muscle aerobic capacity

Lateral defined and example

Lateral refers to the side of the body or a structure, away from the midline. An example deltoid is lateral to pectoralias major

Anterior defined and example

Anterior refers to the front of the body or a structure, closer to the front midline. An example is pectoralis major is anterior to lattisimus dorsi

Superior defined and example

Superior refers to the upper part of the body or a structure, closer to the head. An example is deltoid is superior to tricep

Posterior defined

Posterior refers to the back of the body or a structure, farther from the front midline. An example is the gastronemius is posterior to tiblias anterior

Medial defined and examples

Medial refers to the position of a structure that is closer to the midline of the body. An example is the rectus abdominus is medial to external obliques

Inferior defined and example

Inferior refers to the lower part of the body or a structure, farther from the head. An example is the glutes is inferior to lattisimus dorsi

Proximal defined and example

Proximal refers to a position that is closer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. An example is the deltoid is proximal to the triceps

Distal defined and example

Distal refers to a position that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. An example is soleus is distal to quads