Lymphoid Organs Part 2

CD4 Cells are known as _______ cells

CD8 are known as __________ cells

CD4 = T helper

CD8 = Cytotoxic

T helper cells recognizes antigen presented by ___________

Cytotoxic T cells recognizes antigen presented by __________

T helper = Class 2

Cytotoxic = Class 1

Th1 and Th2 are the most prominent T helper subsets

th1 activates _______________ and ______________

Th2 helps B cells produce ___________

th1 = activates cytotoxic lymphocytes and macrophages

th2 = B cells produce antibodies against pathogens

T cell that suppress the immune response that inhibits proliferation of the other T-cells by secreting inhibitory cytokines such as TGF-beta and IL-10

T regulatory Cells

T helper that has proinflammatory effect, more associated with humoral immunity and antiparasitic effects

Th 9

T helper cell that protects gains extracellular bacteria and fungi

Associated with mediating autoimmune response related with Th1

Th17

This T cell is generated during the course of action of the Th cell. It has a higher affinity for antigen and produces cytokines immediately after reencounter with antigen.

It proliferated sooner than naive T cells

T memory cells

Once it is activated by the secondary lymphoid tissue, it circulates to find the site of infection

It binds and kills infected cells by triggering apoptosis or released granzymes and perforins

Cytotoxic T cells

Cells that are located in the bone marrow where B-cell precursors reside

Stromal Cells

B lymphocytes are best known to express this CD marker

CD19

It is the rearrangement of genes that code for the heavy and light chains of the antobody molecule (sIg)

Pro-B cell

Heavy chain arrangement of Pro-B cell occurs at chromosome _________ while light chains are coded on chromosome _____ and _______

Heavy chain = chromosome 14

light chain = chromosome 2 and 22

It activates with the stem cell factor to activate the cleavage of DNA ad initiate rearrangement of the gene

C-Kit

It helps to join the pieces back together by incorporating additional nucleotides in the joining areas

Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyl Transferase (TdT)

Differentiation of Pro B cells into Pre B cells occurs when successful rearrangement of heavy chain gene occurs at chromosome 14. Once it is successfully rearranged then the gene on the second chromosome is not rearranged. This phenomenon is called

Allelic exclusion

Phase of the B cell where synthesis of the heavy-chain part of the antibody molecule occurs

Pre B cells

This is the first heavy chain to be synthesized. It accumulates in the cytoplasm but may also be expressed on the surface of The Pre B Cell with a surrogate llight chain

U Chains

It is the appearance of complete IgM antibody molecules on the cells surface

It indicates that light chain production is also finished as U chains are no longer detectable in the cytoplasm

Immature B cells

Receptor for C3D and enhances the likelihood of contact between B cells and antigens

CD21

CD marker opsonin which coats the antigens

C3D

Important for B cell interaction with T cells

It is the Ag receptor for B cell

CD40, MHCII (+)

Elimination of B cells that bear self-reactive receptors

Central Tolerance

Mature B cell that responds to blood borne pathogen

Marginal B Cell

Mature B cell where it exhibits IgM and IgD on the surface.

Found in lymph nodes and other secondary lymphoid organs

Follicular B Cell

Immunoglobulin that prolongs the lifespan of mature B cells but is not required for proper cell function

Contact with antigen is important for it to develop memory cells and plasma cells

IgD

Characterized by abundant cytoplasmic

immunoglobulins with little to no surface

immunoglobulins

• Most fully differentiated lymphocyte and their main

function is antibody production

• Not normally found in blood

Plasma Cells

B cells are activated in the primary follicles of the

Secondary lymph tissue

CD Marker for Plasma Cell

CD138

Automated system for identifying cells based on the

scattering of light as cells in a stream of fluid flow in

single file by a laser beam

Segregate lymphocytes into subsets using a technique

that relies on labeled monoclonal antibodies against

specific surface antigens

Flow cytometry