Next week test (Science)

How does nutrient cycle work

The nutrient cycle involves the movement of essential elements like carbon, nitrogen, through plants, animals, and decomposers, ensuring nutrients are recycled and available for new growth.

How can nitrogen Fertiliser be negative APOS

acid rain (release nitrogen oxides and ammonia into the air, which can contribute to acid rain when they mix with water vapor)

polluted drinking water (Excess fertilizers,can leach into groundwater)

oxygen depletion

Soil Degradation – Excess nitrogen from fertilizers can disrupt soil chemistry, making it more acidic

-          What happens to the carbon cycle if we release massive amounts of carbon dioxide or methane GOD

Global Warming – CO₂ and Methane are greenhouse gases that trap heat in the atmosphere

Ocean Acidification – Excess CO₂ dissolves in seawater, forming carbonic acid

Disruption of Ecosystems – Higher temperatures and changing weather patterns

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NITROGEN CYCLE————————————————————————————- NNAAD

1. Nitrogen fixation

2. Nitrates

3. Assimilation

4. Ammonification

5. Denitrification

STEP 1 Nitrogen fixation

Turn into a form that can dissolve in water, and that form is called ammonia

STEP 2 Nitrates

is what a plant wants (ammonia converts into nitrates bacteria)

STEP 3 Assimilation

Nitrates absorbed by the plants --------(food chain)

STEP 4 Ammonification

Nitrogen is now form of protein and DNA they live there lives and they die into soil and the bacteria break them down as ammonia

STEP 5 Denitrification

Ammonia turns into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria and released into the atmosphere

Eutrophication

Nitrogen gets into water and the plants grow and use up all the oxygen and they end up dying

Why we need bacteria

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria help convert nitrogen gas from the air into forms that plants can use, such as ammonia and ammonium

Other bacteria break down dead plants and animals, returning nutrients to the soil through decomposition.

Why nitrogen gas is problem

Excess nitrogen in the atmosphere can produce pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, which contribute to the reduction of the ozone layer . These pollutants can impair respiratory health, reduce air quality, limit visibility, and disrupt plant growth by altering nutrient balances.

Where is nitrogen useful in plants and animals KFNE

• key part of proteins, which help build muscles and tissues in animals,

• found in DNA, carries genetic information. In plants

• nitrogen makes chlorophyll, the green pigment that allows them to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis.

• ensuring that plants and animals have the nutrients they need to survive.

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CARBON CYCLE rpcdo—————————————————————————————

RESPIRATION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

COMBUSTION

DECOMPOSITION

OCEAN

Respiration ⬆CO2

returns carbon in the form of CO2 back into the atmosphere

-          Sugar+ oxygen = carbon dioxide+ water+ energy

Photosynthesis ⬇CO2

-          Plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere released as respiration

-          Carbon dioxide + water+ sunlight = sugar + oxygen

COMBUSTION ⬆CO2

Fuel burns in oxygen releases carbon dioxide

Occurs when a substance and oxygen gas react to release heat and light energy

DECOMPOSITION ⬆CO2

-          Living things die, decomposition breaks down releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

OCEANS ⬇CO2

CO2 absorbed and stored in the ocean

Biogeochemical cycle

nothing new can be added, and nothing can be taken away, resources such as nutrients must be recycled so they can be reused

what is nitrogen the building blocks of

-          building blocks of proteins and nucleic acids such as DNA

Why ammonia is problem HWS

• Health Risks: Ammonia irritates the respiratory system and worsens asthma.

• Water Pollution: Toxic to aquatic life and contributes to eutrophication.

• Soil Acidification: Can harm plant growth and reduce biodiversity.

Movement of carbon

transfer of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, land, and living organisms.

why is too much carbon dioxide bad EO

• Extreme Weather – More droughts, storms, and heatwaves. (because of climate change)

• Ocean acidification: Acidic waters harm marine life disrupting food chains.

Whats carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, it forms a layer around the earth keeping heat in.

Enhanced greenhouse effect

-          CO2 levels are too high

-          Too much heat trapped

-          Global temperatures increase

Why do we care about climate change

-          The weather gets worse because global weather patterns are getting messed up THREATENING PLANT GROWTH

Difference between carbon and carbon dioxide

Carbon is an element and carbon dioxide is a compound which is made up of elements of carbon and oxygen

why plants need nitrated

Plants absorb nitrates from the soil and use these to build up proteins. The plant may be eaten by an animal, and its biomass used to produce animal protein.

When does carbon come out and when does it come in

Carbon comes in :Photosynthesis, Oceans and Rock formation

Carbon comes out: Respiration, Decomposition and Fossil fuel burning

X and Y

x is changing and independant

y is dependant and measuring

Why farmers use fertilliser

Increases productivity of plant growth

what does carbon form

rock formations like limestone and marble

what is the carbon cycle

how carbon is transfered between different reservoirs . this is important to maintain stable climate and carbon balance

How widespread is carbon

it is apart of more compounds that any other element. it is present in carbon dioxide on earths atmosphere and found in limestone and marble

Define Allotrope

each of two or more different physical forms in which an element can exist.

3 allotropes of carbon

granite, diamond and amphoros

what form in which carbon is found in the ocean

calcium carbonate

Nitrogen cycle and why plants need it

Series of steps where nitrogen is converted to a usable form, absorbed by plants and used by living organisms and then returned back to the atmosphere when they dies

Wetlands contribute to nutrient cycling in several significant ways:

• Nutrient Storage: Wetlands traps and stores nitrogen and carbon preventing them from entering larger water bodies.

• Habitat for Biodiversity: Wetlands provide habitats for organisms that play roles in nutrient cycling.

why carbon cycle crucial

Carbon helps to regulate the Earth's temperature

why we need ammonia

It is a source of nitrogen which is needed by plants and animals

Describe how living things are involved in the constant cycling

Here are six simplified reasons explaining how living things are involved in the carbon cycle:

1. Plants absorb carbon dioxide – They take in CO₂ from the air during photosynthesis to make food.

2. Animals release carbon dioxide – They breathe out CO₂ during respiration.

3. Oceans absorb carbon – Marine plants and water absorb CO₂, helping regulate levels in the atmosphere.

4. Decomposers recycle carbon – Bacteria and fungi break down dead organisms, releasing carbon back into the air and soil.

5. Fossil fuels come from living things – Dead plants and animals turn into coal, oil, and gas over millions of years, storing carbon.

6. Burning releases carbon – When humans burn wood or fossil fuels, stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere as CO₂.

Would you like me to make it even simpler or add more details?

Describe the roles of living organisms in the carbon cycle

• Plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) – They take in CO₂ from the atmosphere during photosynthesis to produce energy.

• Animals release carbon dioxide – They consume plants for energy and release CO₂ back into the air through respiration.

• Decomposers recycle carbon – Bacteria and fungi break down dead plants and animals, releasing CO₂ into the atmosphere or storing carbon in the soil.

Describe the roles of living organisms in the nitrogen cycle

4. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen – Certain bacteria (e.g., in soil or plant roots) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into usable forms (ammonia, nitrates) for plants.

5. Plants use nitrogen for growth – They absorb nitrates from the soil to make proteins and DNA, which are essential for life.

6. Decomposers and denitrifying bacteria recycle nitrogen – When organisms die, decomposers return nitrogen to the soil. Some bacteria convert nitrates back into nitrogen gas, completing the cycle.

How the Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles Are Connected:

Both cycles depend on decomposers to break down organic matter. When decomposers break down plants and animals, they release carbon (as CO₂) into the air and nitrogen into the soil.