Chapter 11: Excretion

What is excretion?

It is the process by which "metabolic waste products" and toxic materials are "removed from the body" of an organism.

What is meant by catabolic activities?

They are "chemical processes" which cause the "breakdown of complex substances" into simpler ones.

What is meant by anabolic activities?

They are "chemical processes" in which the "simpler substances" are built up into more complex substances.

Waste ions

________ and hydrogen ions secreted from the blood complete the formation of urine.

Give examples of excretory products with their respective excretory organs.

- "Carbon dioxide - lungs" - gas is expired
- "Nitrogenous waste products - kidneys"- urine
- Excess Water
- "Kidneys - urine"
- "Skin - sweat"
- "Lungs - expired air"
- "Bile pigments - liver" - intestines

What is the name given to two main blood vessels connected to kidneys?

Name given is; "renal artery" and "renal vein".

Write down the step by step process of formation of Urine.

Following are steps for formation of urine:
- The "glomerulus" "filters water and other substances" from the bloodstream.
- The "filtration membrane" "keeps blood cells and large proteins in the bloodstream".
- "Reabsorption" moves "nutrients and water back into the bloodstream".
- "Waste ions and hydrogen ions" secreted "from the blood complete the formation of urine".

What are the two solutions if a kidney(s) fail?

Two solutions are; get a "kidney transplant" or have "kidney dialysis ".