BARRIERS TO EDUCATION (HIDALGO)

Physical Disability

Physical Disability

Lack of ramps and/or elevators in multi-level school buildings, heavy doors, inaccessible washrooms and inaccessible transportation to and from school.

Negative attitudes and Stereotyping

Lack of knowledge about sensitivity to disability issues make it difficult for students with disability to cope, adapt, and access educational services equally.

Poverty

Schools may charge fees that the family cannot afford to meet such as requiring a uniform or projects and other contributions to school affairs that are beyond the family budget

Students’ Capabilities, Personal Beliefs and Values

• Genetics and Culture affect, to much extent, the educative process.

• Student’s genetic endowment and cultural background determine the extent to substantive or curricular comprehension and retention which may pose a challenge to teachers, the school standard education

Students are More Likely to Drop out of school if Schooling is irrelevant to Realities

A need for relevant curricula and materials for literacy and numeracy "along with facts and skills for life", which include education on rights, gender equality, health, nutrition, sexually transmitted diseases (HIV/AIDS) and peace.

Individual Differences

Types of Learning

Inadequate Physical Facilities and Funding

Education is constrained by lack of adequate support and funding from educational agencies and facilities in relation to the number of students admitted.

Philosophy, Mission, Visions of the School

Schools may or may not adhere to the standards of education set by the state and accrediting body, hence students may leave school either well prepared or less prepared to face responsibility of work for a living.

Legal Framework Around Education

• Policies surrounding pregnancy, early marriage and childbirth.

• Policies surrounding pregnancy, early marriage and childbirth.

Issues of Safety and Security Inside and Outside the School

• Physical violence in schools, particularly bullying and corporal punishment affect boys and girls.

• Not enough adequate or any hygiene and sanitation facilities on or near school premises.

• Lack of female teachers, particularly as role models and possible confidantes, can make pupils less secure in school environment.

• Gender based violence, including rape and early pregnancy, forced marriage and the spread of HIV are among the problems for girls in refugee camps and schools.

Accountability Movement

• seeks to hold school, teachers, and students responsible for learning

• This may limit the ability of schools to meet societal standards due to external pressures and intense expectations

Perceived Lack of Support

● Organizations may distort the nature of health education:
A. Accusing the programs of destroying values developed at home, encouraging promiscuity and undermining religious training.

● Insufficient financial support likewise, hinders health education programs.

Teacher’s Qualification and Values

Education is also constrained by the ability of the teacher to teach in terms of her personality, traits and values, professional behaviour and her outlook in life and in teaching. ( Gaberson and Oerman: 2007)

Knowledge, Skills, and Values of the Teacher

● Intellectual capabilities of teachers facilitate cognitive learning and stimulate students' psychomotor process.

● Skills in teaching manage students' creative imagination and promote psychomotor development.

● Teacher’s professional values promote student ideals of achievement and scholastic mastery

Inadequate Professional/Profession

● “Anyone can teach” misconception. Educators are expected to teach health without any college coursework in the discipline.

● Lack of administrative commitment. Quality of teaching often suffers, despite no shortage of professionally prepared health educators

Lack of Certification

● RA 9173- Provisions which require nurses to be holders of a Master of Arts in Nursing degree before they are given tenured status as faculty members in a college or nursing.

Encroachment of Other Disciplines

This can be beneficial if those involved are to share responsibilities, expertise, and diverse approaches so representatives of different professions can collaborate effectively.

Baby Boomers

● Individuals born at the end of World War II where social factors and experiences in life influence these generations.

● Used as a baseline to compare other generations.

● They experienced the development of slower peace:

a. comfortable with delayed gratification.

b. wants positive feedback

Generation X

● Born between 1961 to 1981

● Latchkey kids of working parents or single parent household.

● High level of independence

● Develop high self-esteem seen by some arrogance.

● Creative problem solvers but lack basic math skills and reading capabilities.

Net Gen

● It refers to the generation of children that have grown up using technological devices. They are also known as millennials or digital natives.

● Bornafter 1981

● Tendency to focus on technology, social action and globalization.

● Seemingly collaborative, curious intelligent, and self-sufficient and power strong. creative, mobile,

● Comprise the ideal work since they embody some of the most positive attributes from their predecessors.

● “Bathed in bits” and totally unintimidated by technology