BIOL 111 Electron Transport Chain

What does oxidative phosphorylation include?

The electron transport Chain and chemiosmosis

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

In the inner mitochondrial membrane

What is the electron transport chain?

A series of steps for pumping protons into the inter membrane space to pass energy between complexes and create a concentration and chemical gradient

What oxidizes at complexes I and II?

I: oxidizes NADH into NAD+

II: oxidizes FADH2 into FAD

What does coenzyme-Q do?

Received energy from complex I to use at complex II

What does cutochrome-C do?

Transports a proton to complex IV

What does complex IV do?

It takes the remaining energy from passing electrons to synthesize water from O2

What does ATP synthase do for chemiosmosis?

It pulls protons back in and synthesizes ATP from ADP and Pi

Why does cyanide affect ATP production?

It binds to where O2 usually binds and blocks the process of reduction, preventing the creation of H2O and causing ATP synthase to shut down

What are the redox reactions in the ETC?

Electrons pass from one complex to another until they react with H+ and O2 to create H2O

How are redox reactions fueled and what do they create?

They use energy from electrons and create an electrochemical gradient

What happens without O2 in the ETC?

NADH and FADH2 can't be oxidized, which affects glycolysis

How does alcohol fermentation contribute to oxidative phosphorylation? And what is wrong with the process?

It regenerates NAD+ by reducing NADH into EtOH and NAD+ — ethanol is excreted and eventually accumulates to toxic levels

What is lactic acid fermentation?

the process of producing NAD+ from pyruvate without releasing CO2

How does lactic acid fermentation work?

pyruvate and NADH are reduced into lactate and NAD+

When does lactic acid fermentation occur?

in anaerobic conditions

How many ATP does lactic acid fermentation produce as opposed to aerobic respiration?

2 ATP instead of 32 ATP

What are the waste products of lactic acid fermentation?

alcohol, CO2, and lactic acid