AP Latin Figurative Language

Anaphora

the repetition of the same word

Anastrophe

word not in the right place

Asyndeton

omission of conjunctions

Apostrophe

address to someone or something not present; vocative case

Chiasmus

ABBA word order

Enjambment

delay of the final word or phrase of a sentence to the beginning of the following line

Hendiadys

large scale to smaller scale—Italy to Tiber, etc.

Hyperbaton

words that naturally belong to one another are separated for emphasis or effect

Hyperbole

exaggeration, emphatic overstatement

Hysteron proteron

when an event is reversed—ex. "I put my shoes & socks on"

Litotes

deliberate understatement

Metaphor

a comparison in which one thing is said to be another

Metonymy

one word closely related to another used to suggest the other word, ex. The Crown had absolute power in the Middle Ages

Onomatopoeia

the use of words to imitate the sounds they describe

Personification

giving human qualities to animals or objects

Polysyndeton

use of several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some may be excessive—ex. "et"s and "que"s

Simile

figure of speech involving a comparison between unlike things using like, as, or as though

Synchesis

ABAB word order

Syncope

the omission of sounds or letters from a word; noun is always genitive, and verb is perfect—v,s,u,x before the -ere

Synecdoche

supposed to stand for something bigger

Tmesis

Separation of one word into two parts (in Latin this is always the separation of a compound word)

Transferred Epithet

Pleonasm

unnecessary words to convey something already understood; using "voce" before speaking

Ellipsis

when word is missing "est"

Aposiopesis

a break in speech; side note

Polyptoton

same word, in different forms

Synizesis

when you change a vowel from long to short (usually i to e)

Zeugma

a word serves for two different purposes

Juxtaposition