The Integumentary System (Chapter 5)

The deepest layer of the epidermis is

a. stratum germinativum
b. stratum spinosum
c. stratum lucidum
d. stratum corneum
e. stratum granulosum

stratum germinativum (basale)

Which of the following statements is most correct for melanocytes?

a. Shield DNA from UV light
b. concentration of cells similar in all ethnicities
c. concentrated in the stratum basale
d. all of the above
e. only A & C are correct

All of the above

A very thin layer in the epidermis called the ______ _______ and is visible only in thick skin.

a. stratum germinativum
b. stratum spinosum
c. stratum lucidum
d. stratum corneum
e. stratum granulosum

stratum lucidum

The _________ layer of the dermis contains capillary loops from which nutrients diffuse to nourish the epidermis.

a. papillary layer
b. reticular layer
c. macular layer
d. stratum basale
e. none of the above

papillary layer

The dermis

a. contains no blood vessels
b. functions as padding and insulation
c. is divided into three distinct layers
d. is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength
e. does not contain connective tissue

is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength

The stratum basale

a. is easily shed when you rub your hands together
b. has a mixture of living and dead cells - mostly dead
c. contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis
d. contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.
e. contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells.

contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of

a. absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skin
b. utilizing the products of the merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis
c. the outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living.
d. diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the epidermis.

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the epidermis.

Cyanosis is indicative of

a. lack of tyrosinase
b. liver disease
c. inflammation
d. insufficient oxygen in the blood
e. patchy loss of melanocytes

insufficient oxygen in the blood

in a(n) _______ degree burn, the epidermis and upper region of the dermis are damaged. Blistering is common.

a. first
b. second
c. third
d. fourth
e. none of the above

second

All of the following are accessory structures of the integumentary system EXCEPT

a. nails
b. hypodermis
c. multicellular exocrine glands
d. hair
e. sweat glands

hypodermis

Keratinocytes are the predominant cells in the:

a. epidermis
b. papillary region of the dermis
c. reticular region of the dermis
d. subcutaneous layer
e. All of the above are correct

epidermis

Nourishment to cells in the epidermis is provided by:

a. blood vessels running through the stratum basale
b. keratinocytes
c. blood vessels in the dermal papillae
d. bacteria that live in sebaceous glands
e. Both A and C are correct

blood vessels in the dermal papillae

Absorption of damaging light rays is the primary function of:

a. keratin
b. sebum
c. cerumen
d. melanin
e. Keratohyalin

melanin

The layer of the skin from which new epidermal cells are derived is the

a. Stratum corneum
b. Stratum basale
c. Stratum lucidum
d. Dermis
e. Reticular layer

Stratum basale

The function of keratin is to:

a. make bone hard
b. make skin tough and waterproof
c. protect skin from ultraviolet light
d. provided added pigment to the skin of Asian races
e. provide nourishment to the epidermal cells

make skin tough and waterproof

The reproducing cells of the epidermis are found in the

a. Stratum basale
b. Stratum spinosum
c. Stratum lucidum
d. Stratum corneum
e. All of these layers contains reproducing cells

Stratum basale

Which of the following is most superficial?

a.stratum basale
b. papillary region of the dermis
c. hypodermis
d. stratum granulosum
e. stratum corneum

stratum corneum

The epidermis is made up of:

a. dense irregular connective tissue
b. stratified squamous epithelium
c. areolar connective tissue
d. smooth muscle
e. All of the above are correct

stratified squamous epithelium

The stratum basale contains:

a. stem cells of keratinocytes
b. many blood vessels
c. eccrine sweat glands
d. hair follicles
e. Both A and B are correct

stem cells of keratinocytes

Goosebumps occur due to:

a. overstimulation of secretion from sudoriferous glands
b. overstimulation of secretion from sebaceous glands
c. separation of the epidermis from the dermis
d. vasodilation of blood vessels in the skin
e. the action of arrector pili muscles as they raise hairs to
an upright position

the action of arrector pili muscles as they raise hairs to
an upright position

The outermost layer of the epidermis is the:

a. Stratum lucidum
b. Reticular layer
c. Stratum corneum
d. Superficial fascia
e. stratum basale

Stratum corneum

Sweat is produced by:

a. keratinocytes.
b. melanocytes.
c. ceruminous glands.
d. sudoriferous glands.
e. sebaceous glands.

sudoriferous glands.

Which of the following is present in thick skin but not in thin skin?

a. stratum germinativum
b. stratum lucidum
c. stratum corneum
d. stratum granulosum
e. dermal papillae

stratum lucidum

The function of melanin is to

a. make skin tough and waterproof
b. Connect the epidermis to the dermis
c. Provide flexibility to skin
d. Provide nutrients to dying epidermal cells
e. Protect skin from ultraviolet light

Protect skin from ultraviolet light

The stratum corneum is:

a. the innermost layer of the epidermis.
b. highly vascular.
c. made up of dead cells.
d. seen only in the palms and soles.
e. the layer in which keratin begins to form.

made up of dead cells.

Melanocytes

a. are spidery-shaped cells in contact with cells in the
b. stratum basale
c. Forms structures called melanosomes
d. Produces a substance incorporated by other cells
e. All answers are correct

All answers are correct

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the epidermis?

a. It is keratinized.
b. Blood vessels travel from the dermis to the outer
layers through special channels.
c. All of the cells in the epidermis reproduce rapidly.
d. It is made mostly of areolar connective tissue.
e. Both A and C are correct.

It is keratinized.

Just beneath the stratum basale of the epidermis is the:

a. stratum corneum of the epidermis.
b. hypodermis.
c. reticular layer of the dermis.
d. papillary regions of the dermis.
e. skeletal muscle.

papillary regions of the dermis.

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of:

a. Absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the
skin

b. Utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish
the epidermis

c. The outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living.

e. Diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

Diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

The papillary region of the dermis consists mostly of:

a. areolar connective tissue.
b. adipose tissue.
c. smooth muscle.
d. stratified squamous epithelium.
e. dense irregular connective tissue.

areolar connective tissue.

The reticular layer of the dermis consists mostly of:

a. areolar connective tissue.
b. adipose tissue.
c. smooth muscle.
d. Stratified squamous epithelium.
e. dense irregular connective tissue.

dense irregular connective tissue.

Fat storage is an important function of the:

a. epidermis.
b. papillary region of the dermis.
c. reticular region of the dermis.
d. subcutaneous layer.
e. All of the above except the epidermis.

subcutaneous layer.

The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?

a. Stratum corneum
b. Stratum granulosum
c. Stratum germinativum
d. Stratum lucidum

Stratum germinativum

Cyanosis is indicative of:

a. lack of tyrosinase.
b. liver disease.
c. inflammation.
d. insufficient oxygen in blood.
e. patchy loss of melanocytes.

insufficient oxygen in blood.

The most common forms of skin cancer are all caused, at least in part, by:

a. chronic dryness of skin.
b. oversecretion by sudoriferous glands.
c. chronic exposure to sunlight.
d. overproduction of keratin.
e. chronically reduced blood flow in the dermis.

chronic exposure to sunlight.

The hypodermis

a. Acts as an insulator to underlying organs or tissues
b. Primary location for hair follicles
c. Connects the dermis to the epidermis
d. Produces keratin to maintain strength and water-proofing property
e. None of the above

Acts as an insulator to underlying organs or tissues

All of the following are functions of skin EXCEPT

a. Protection
b. Vitamin C synthesis
c. Thermoregulation
d. Sense organ activity

Vitamin C synthesis

All of the following cells are found in the skin EXCEPT

a. Keratinocytes
b. Melanocytes
c. Merkel cells
d. Langerhans cells
e. Kupffer cells

Kupffer cells

Oxygen consumption by the cells in the stratum basale is _________________ oxygen consumption by cells in the stratrum corneum.

a. Typically greater than
b. Never greater than
c. Always less than
d. Always the same as

Typically greater than

All of the following are accessory structure of the integumentary system EXCEPT

a. nails
b. hypodermis
c. multicellular exocrine glands
d. hair

hypodermis

The epidermis is responsible for protecting the body against invasion of bacteria and other foreign agents primarily because it is composed of

a. stratified columnar epithelium
b. three layers of keratinized cells only
c. four different cell types found in five distinct layers, each with a special function
e. a tough layer of connective tissue

four different cell types found in five distinct layers, each with a special function

All of the following statements about the epidermis are correct EXCEPT

a. granules of keratin are manufactured in cells of the stratum basale

b. epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium composed mainly of keratinocytes

c. cells found in the epidermis include keratinocytes, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells.

d. Stratum lucidum is a major feature of thin skin

Stratum lucidum is a major feature of thin skin

All of the following are functions associated with the skin EXCEPT

a. maintenance of body temperature
b. excretions of salts, organic wastes, and water
c. protection of underlying structures
d. sensory function
e. synthesis of vitamin B

synthesis of vitamin B

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is because

a. it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock

b. it has no delicate nerve ending and can therefore absorb more shock

c. the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

d. the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus

the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

The first threat to life from a massive third degree burn is

a.infection
b. dehydration
c. unbearable pain
d. both a and c are correct

dehydration

All of the following statements are correct for the dermis EXCEPT

a. it is a highly vascularized connective tissue layer
b. it has two distinct layers
c. it contains sensory corpuscles and glands
d. it is where melanocytes are found

it is where melanocytes are found

Which of the following statements is most correct for burns?

a. The rule of 9 is used to assess the severity of burn

b. The primary goal in treating burn patients is fluid resuscitation

c. The classification of degree of burn is based on the depth of tissue involvement

d. All of the above

All of the above

Glandular tissues that self-destruct in order to function are referred to as

a. merocrine
b. apocrine
c. endocrine
d. holocrine

holocrine

Mammary glands are

a. merocrine glands
b. apocrine glands
c. holocrine glands
d. all of the above

apocrine glands

Melanocytes are most commonly found in the

a. stratum germinativum
b. stratum granulosum
c. stratum lucidum
d. stratum spinosum
e. stratum corneum

stratum germinativum

After sustaining a laceration to the forearm, you were brought to the ER for management. In the ER, the physician made a comment that he can see muscle and tendon. Which layers were cut?

a. stratum corneum
b. dermis
c. hypodermis
e. all of the above

all of the above

This layer of the dermis provides an arena for immune cells to fight off invaders and give rise to fingerprints.

a. Reticular lamina
b. Basal lamina
c. Reticular dermis
d. Papillary dermis
e. Dermal papillae

Dermal papillae

Which of the following statements is most correct for burns?

a. The rule of 9 is used to assess the severity of burn

b. The primary goal in treating burn patients is fluid resuscitation

c. The classification of degree of burn is based on the depth of tissue involvement

d. All of the above

All of the above

With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly

a. no longer experience hot flashes at night
b. exhibit a decrease in melanin production
c. experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer
d. have less blood flowing to the skin
e. have an increase in desquamation

experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer

Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin?

a. The dermis is usually thicker than the epidermis
b. The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium
c. The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis
d. The dermis contains smooth muscle and nerve tissue
e. The skin contains some immune system cells

The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis

Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false?

Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue.
Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.
The main cell types of the hypodermis are fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages.
The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.
The hypodermis is a site of fat storage

Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.

Melanin production can be influenced by

genetics.
hormones.
exposure to sunlight.
pregnancy.
all of these

all of these

Sweat glands

aid in cooling the body.
serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles.
produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin.
produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria.
are not involved in the homeostasis of body temperature.

aid in cooling the body.

Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light?

vitamin A
vitamin B
vitamin C
vitamin D
vitamin E

vitamin D

Barney sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. His wound was what type of burn?

first degree
second degree
third degree
fourth degree
fifth degree

second degree

Body fat in the hypodermis

varies with age and sex.
helps regulate body temperature.
provides protection against infection.
is a thin layer in infants.
connects the dermis with the epidermis.

varies with age and sex.

The dermis

contains no blood vessels.
functions as padding and insulation.
is divided into three distinct layers.
is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.
does not contain connective tissue.

is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.

When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis,

the dermis has more fat cells than the hypodermis.
the dermis is a more vascular tissue than the hypodermis.
the dermis is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.
the dermis contains melanocytes; the hypodermis does not.
the dermis and the hypodermis do not contain collagen

the dermis is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.

The sloughing off of older cells from the surface of the skin is called

pollination.
keratinization.
melaninization.
germination.
Desquamination

Desquamination

Keratinocytes

produce skin pigments in cell organelles called melanosomes.
are found in both the dermal and the epidermal layers of the skin.
are special cells of the immune system.
are responsible for the permeability characteristics of the epidermis.
determine thickness of the skin.

are responsible for the permeability characteristics of the epidermis.

The stratum basale

is easily shed when you rub your hands together.
has a mixture of living and dead cells - mostly dead.
contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis.
contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.
contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells.

contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.

Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial?

stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
stratum lucidum stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum spinosum
stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosum
stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

Thick skin

has three different epidermal strata.
has fewer layers of cells in the stratum corneum than thin skin.
is found covering most of the body.
is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms.
is determined by the thickness of the dermis.

is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms.

Skin color is the result of

the quantity of melanin in the skin.
the number of keratinocytes in the skin.
the amount of fat in the hypodermis.
the thickness of the stratum basale.
the number of melanocytes in the skin.

the quantity of melanin in the skin.

Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected?

reticular layer of dermis
stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
epidermis
stratum basale

reticular layer of dermis