PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT 4TH QUARTER

Conflict

This is the dynamics when two or more people, organizations, or nations perceive one another as a threat to their needs or intersts.

Intrapersonal

Refers to with oneself, like when one is indecisive about things.

Interpersonal

This occurs among two or more individuals, like having a misunderstanding between friends, family members, or lovers.

Intragroup

This occur within the same interest group, like a student organization.

Intergroup

This happens between two or more groups, like fraternities.

Avoidance

This means to evade or dodge the cause of the strong emotion or uneasiness one feels for another person who is in conflict with you.

Ignoring

This is when you are in the same place as the other person you are in conflict with, and you disregard and snub his presence.

Denying

This means when someone asks you if you are quarrelling or in disagreement with the person you are in conflict with and you disagree or refute the comment or observation.

Fight

This forces the other party to accept a stand that is against that party’s interest.

Submit

This yields to the demands of the other party and agree to end the conflict.

Flee

This refers to leaving the situation where the conflict is occurring or changing the topic

Freeze

This refers to doing nothing and just waiting for the other party’s next move or allow the pressure to build up.

Competing

This is when an individual’s interests are above all else, power and authority are often used to win against others.

Accommodating

This is when an individual is willing to neglect his or her interests or needs for the sake of the other person, yielding one’s position and allowing the other to pursue his or her position at the other’s expense.

Compromising

This is when an individual is neither here nor there, prefers to split whatever is at stake in half to partly satisfy both parties just to get over the problem.

Avoiding

This is when the individual prefers to stay out of the situation either by postponing a decision, taking a wait and see position, or withdrawing completely until conditions are better.

Collaborating

This is when the individual seeks a mutually satisfying solution by understanding the needs and interests of the other person, and expanding the resources rather than competing over them.

Family

This refers to a group of individuals living under one rood and usually under one head.

genogram

This is a graphical map of a family’s history that traces and illustrates patterns in its structure and characteristics using special symbols to describe relationships, major events, diseases, etc.

Career

This is a profession that a person may get into, either because he has found a good match between his life goals, skills, personality, and interests with a dream job, or it may just be a means to earn a living.

Career development

Richard A. Hansen defines this term as the continuous lifelong process of developmental experiences that focuses on seeking, obtaining, and processing information about self, occupational and educational alternatives, life styles, and role options.

Trait Factor

This states that skills, values, interests, and personality characteristics are analyzed and matched with job factors or an occupational profile. (Frank Person & E.G. Williamson)

Psychological

This is an offshoot of Parson’s Trait Factor Theory where John Holland identified sic personality categories: realistic, investigative, social, conventional, enterprising, and artistic.

Decision

This is based on Albert Bandura’s theory of self efficacy, which means that a person may exercise control over his or her thoughts, beliefs, and actions, and that self-efficacy is the predictor of behavior.

Self-efficacy

This is defined as the belief in one’s capabilities to plan, organize, and execute a set of actions that will produce the desired results.

John D. Krumboltz

This person theorized that social learning is the bases of our career decisions and development and that people choose their careers based on what they know and have learned.

Life-Space Theory

This is proposed by Donald Super who based the theory on the idea that humans are always in constant change and go through life learning and doing new things, while changing roles in the process.

Social relationships

These tend to be less intimate, with lesser self-disclosure involved, but may still be exclusive, and may demand certain levels of loyalty.

Social influence

A term that Rashotte defined as things such as behavior, actions, attitudes, concepts, ideas, communications, wealth, and other resources that bring about changes in the beliefs or behavior of a person as a result of the actions of another person.

Compliance

This is when a person seems to agree, and follows what is requested or required of him or her to do or believe in, but does not necessarily have to really believe or agree to it.

Identification

This is when a person is influenced by someone he or she likes or looks up to, like a movie star, a social celebrity, or a superhero.

Internalization

This is when a person is able to own a certain belief or act, and is willing to make it known publicly and privately.

Conformity

This is a type of social influence that involves a change in behavior, belief, or thinking to be like others.

Conversion

This occurs when an individual whole-heartedly changes his or her original thinking and beliefs, actions, and attitudes to align with those of the other members of the group.

Minority Influence

This happens when a bigger number of people are influence by a much smaller number of people and when the minority’s way of looking at and doing things are accepted.

Reactance

This is when there is a willing rejection of a social influence being exerted on an individual or group. This is a reverse reaction to some social influence that is being imposed by a person or a group on another.

Obedience

This is another form of social influence wherein a person follows what someone tell him or her to do, although it may not necessarily reflect the person’s set of beliefs or values.

Persuasion

This is used by one person or group to influence another to change their beliefs, actions, or attitudes by appealing to reason or emotion.

Leader

This is often referred to as someone who is the head of a group of people by virtue of having great strength and wisdom, or may have inherited a position of power even if strength and wisdom were not part of this person’s virtues.

Leadership

According to Chester Barnard, this refers to as the ability of person in position of authority to influence others to behave in such a manner that goals are achieved.

Trait Theory

This defines leadership based on certain personality traits which are generally suited for all leaders, such as decisiveness, persistence, high level or self-confidence and assertiveness among others.

Behavioral Theory

This presupposes that leadership is a learned behavior, and that leaders are defined according to certain types of behavior they exhibit.

Participative Theory

This is the opposite of an autocratic leader, wherein this type of leadership involves other people to make common decisions.

Situational Theory

This assumes that there is no one style of leadership and that leader behavior is based on the factors present in a situation, and usually takes into consideration how followers behave.

Transactional Theory

This states that leadership involves a transaction or negotiation of resources or position, and usually employs reward and punishment.

Transformational Theory

This involves a vision, which a leader uses to rally support from followers, and the role of the leader is in motivating others to support the vision and make it happen.

Leader is situational

This means that a leader’s behavior and what is required of him will always be influenced by the situation. It also means that a leader is also to assess a situation quickly, adjust to it, and provide the appropriate and necessary action to address it for the benefit of his followers.

Leadership is non-hierarchial

This states that the exercise of leadership is not based on one’s position in a organizational chart alone, but also dependent on other factors such as characteristics, skills, and even connections.

Leadership is relational

This states that leaders and followers establish a relationship where their interests are mutually met.

Authentic leadership

This is primarily determined by how followers view the leader.

Leader-Member Exchange Theory

This states that a leader’s effectiveness is measured by the quality of his relationship with his followers, and different types of relationships can evolve between leader and follower in a certain work situation.

Heroic Leadership

Chris Lowney referred this term to the type of leadership that the members of the Society of Jesus live by, that everyone is a leader and everyone gets a chance to lead and be leaders in everything they do.

Self-awareness

This refers to knowing and understanding fully our strengths and challenges, our way of looking at things, and even out emotions and the set of values that we live by.

Ingenuity

This states that a leader of this type of not stuck in his comfort zone because the world is constantly changing. Flexibility and openness to new ideas are the hallmark of this kind of leadership.

Love

This states that a healthy self-concept generates a healthy and positive attitude when dealing with other poeple.

Heroism

This type of leadership is about motivating and inspiring other people to reach for higher goals, for bigger and greater things.

Authenticity

This is when the leader is ont afraid to show his or her weakness, reveal his human side without fear, and uses these together with ihs strengths to lead others.

Significance

This is when a leader provides the reason or meaning for followers to believe in.

Excitement

This is when a leader provides motivation and inspiration to his or her followers and excites them to pursue their vision.

Community

This is when a leader builds a community of followers with whom they can associate and forge relationships.

Social relationships

This is a broad definition of how we interact and behave with other people, and how they interact and behave with us.

Why type

This type of leader is usually the visionary, the one who beileves results can be achieved.

How type

This type of leader is the realist who is able to see how to work out a vision.

What type

This type of leader is the builder who provides details on how to get things done.

David Goleman

Who stated that all emotions are, in essence, impulses to act, the instant plan for handling life that evolution has instilled in us?

Dr. Joseph LeDoux

Who stated that the amygdala has become the center of action, the emotional sentinel, and memory bank of previous experience related to emotions.

Neocortex

This is termed as the thinking brain.

Frontal lobes

These send signals to the other parts of the body for action.

Hijacking of the amygdala

This is a phenomenon where pulses trigger our knee-jerk reaction to a situation, which occurs before the information was processed by the rational part of the brain.

• Amygdala

• Neocortex

• Frontal Lobes

What are the parts of the human brain primarily involved in the creation of emotions?

Emotional intelligence

This lies between this interaction of the amygdala and the pre-frontal cortex.

Peter Salovey and John Mayer

Who first introduced the concept of emotional intelligence?

Daniel Goleman

Who popularized emotional intelligence?

Daniel Goleman

Who stated emotional intelligence as:

“the ability to motivate oneself and persist in the face of frustrations, to control impulse and delay gratification, to regulate one’s moods and keep distress from swamping the ability to think, to empathize, and to hope?”

1. Self-Awareness/Knowing one’s emotions

2. Self-Management/Managing emotions

3. Self-Motivation/Motivating oneself

4. Empathy/Recognizing emotion in others

5. Social Relationships/Handling emotions

What are the domains of emotional intelligence?

Knowing one’s emotions or self-awareness

This states that:

“Self-awareness brings with it the skill of self-reflection. It is about a person who recognizes an emotion being felt, and is able to verbalize it, by saying there emotions at the peak of one’s rage.”

Managing emotions

This is where Goleman states that we often have very little or no control when an emotion occurs and what this emotion will be, but we can have control on how long an emotion will last.

Motivating oneself

This states that:

“Hope is the element present when one is fighting some overwhelming anxiety, a defeatist attitude, or depression.”

Recognizing emotions in others

This is where Goleman states that the root cause of our capacity to empathize is self-awareness. If we recognize our own emotions and how these effect us, then it will be easier to recognize other people’s emotions as well.

Empathy

This is the capacity to recognize the emotions in other people.

Attunement

This means that if a person does not receive empathy from others, the tendency is not to have empathy for other as well.

Daniel Stern

Who defined the term attunement?

Handling relationships

This states that:

“Emotional intelligence is also evident in the way we manage our relationships with others.”

1. Organizing groups

2. Negotiating solutions

3. Personal connection

4. Social analysis

What are the four components of social intelligence?

Organizing groups

A leadership skill essential in mustering groups of people toward a common action.

Negotiating solutions

This talent to bring people in conflict to talk and come up with a solution is usually found among mediators of disputes.

Personal connection

This is the talent where empathy and connecting with another person’s emotions are manifested.

Social analysis

This is the talent to step out of a situation and objectively form insights about the way people feel and behave.

Howard Gardner and Thomas Hatch

Who came up with the four components of social intelligence?

• Verbal-linguistic

• Mathematical-logical

• Spatial

• Kinesthetic

• Musical

• Interpersonal

• Intrapersonal

• Natural

• Spiritual

What are the seven (plus two) key varieties of emotional intelligence?

• Happy

• Sad

• Afraid

• Anger

• Surprise

• Disgust

What are the six basic emotions by Paul Ekman?

Robert Plutchik

Who theorized that emotions are multi-dimensional, identified as:

• Adoration

• Ecstasy

• Anticipation

• Rage

• Disgust

• Grief

• Surprise

• Fear

1. Anger

2. Sadness

3. Fear

4. Enjoyment

5. Love

6. Surprise

7. Disgust

8. Shame

What are the eight main families of emotions?

1. Physical and mental health

2. Work performance

3. Relationships

What are the three points that emotional intelligence directly affects?

Physical and mental health

This states that emotional intelligence equips one with tools in managing stress, frustrations and challenges, providing the individual with plenty of healthy coping mechanisms.

Work performance

This states that emotional intelligence helps in understanding people and situations more objectively and with more understanding and compassion.

Relationships

This states that interpersonal relationships are enhanced because emotions are expressed in a more positive way, and with empathy, genuine caring is expressed and shared.

Survival

This was the primary reason why human beings have the fundamental need to belong.

Relationship

This is the way in which two or more people, groups, countries, etc., talk to, behave toward, and deal with each other.

Personal Relationship

This is the type of relationship which is closely associated with a person and which can only have meaning to this person.