Metals and Non-Metals - Short Notes (Prashant Kirad)

Lustre

Metals have a shiny appearance, known as metallic lustre, due to the reflection of light from their surface.

Malleability

The ability of metals to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking.

Conductivity

Metals are excellent conductors of heat and electricity; silver and copper are particularly good electrical conductors.

Ductility

The property that allows metals to be drawn into thin wires.

High Melting and Boiling Points

Most metals have high melting and boiling points due to the strong bonding between their atoms.

Solid State

Most metals are solid at room temperature, with the exception of mercury, which is liquid.

Sonorous

Metals produce a ringing sound when struck, a property known as sonorous.

Reaction with Oxygen

When metals react with oxygen, they form metal oxides, which are typically basic in nature.

Displacement Reaction

A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its compound in solution.

Ionic Compounds

Chemical compounds composed of positively charged ions (cations) from metals and negatively charged ions (anions) from nonmetals.

Electrolysis

A method to extract highly reactive metals from their respective oxides, hydroxides, or chlorides in molten state.

Corrosion

The gradual deterioration of a material, typically a metal, due to the influence of moisture, air, or chemicals.

Reactivity Series

A list that ranks metals from most reactive to least reactive, useful for predicting reactions with water, acids, and other substances.

Metallurgy

The science and process of extracting metals from their ores and refining them for use.

Solder

An alloy typically made of tin and lead or lead-free alternatives used for welding electrical wires.

Combustibility

Some non-metals, like hydrogen and carbon, can undergo combustion reactions.

Covalent Bonding

Non-metals form covalent bonds by sharing electrons with other non-metals.

Gravity Separation

A method that uses the difference in density of ore and impurities to separate them.

Froth Flotation

A separation process that uses a froth formed by certain chemicals to separate ore from impurities.