Neuroscience: Mapping Function onto Structure

Afferent

Signals entering CNS

Arachnoid membrane (meningeal layer)

Layer that Cushions the Brain/Contains CSF below the Dura Mater

Amygdala

Fear Learning (Bilateral)

Brainstem

Directs Automatic Functions (heart rate, breathing, etc.)

Broca's area

Speech Production + Coordination (Unilateral)

Central nervous system

Brain + Spinal Cord + Brainstem

Cerebellum

Balance, Coordination, and Motor Skills

Cerebral Cortex

The Outermost Layer of Both Hemispheres

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Bathes Cerebrum (lets cerebrum float/provides nutrients to the brain and gets rid of waste)

Cerebrum

The Brain: A deeply folded later of nerve tissue

Choroid plexus

A tissue that filters blood into CSF (Bilateral)

Corpus Callosum

Fibers that carry information between hemispheres (The only connection that does that)

Cranial Nerves

Group of 12 nerves controlling muscles in the neck and head

Dura Mater (meningeal layer)

Leathery protective cover of the cerebrum directly below the skull

Efferent

Signals laving the CNS

Fusiform Gyrus

Facial Recognition (Bilateral)

Gray Matter

Outermost layer of cerebrum containing neuron cell bodies

Gryrus (Pl. Gyri)

The entirety of a bump on the cerebrum

Hippocampus

Ability to create new memories (Bilateral)

Hypothalamus

Controls hormone release to maintain Homeostasis: regulated Body Temp, Hunger, Thirst, Sleep

Motor Cortex

Controls Movement (Bilateral)

Olfactory Bulb

Sense of Smell (Bilateral)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Nerves (Everything except the cerebrum, Spinal Cord, and Brainstem)

Pia Mater

Innermost Layer surrounding cerebrum (second skin of cerebrum that keeps CSF from leaking and damaging the brain)

Pineal Gland

Releases Hormone Melatonin (to control sleep-wake cycle)

Prefrontal Cortex

Decision Making (Bilateral)

(Primary) Visual Cortex

Processes afferent information from eyes: Vision (Bilateral)

(Primary) Auditory Cortex

Processes sound: Hearing (Bilateral)

Spinal Cord (SC)

Dorsal Side: Afferent Sensory Info./Ventral Side: Efferent Motor Info.

Somatosensory Cortex

Touch (Bilateral)

Spinal Nerves

Nerves that originate from the spinal cord that carry (Afferent and Efferent) information

Sulcus (Pl. Sulci)

Grooves/indents on the cerebrum

Thalamus

Sensory relay station (For all senses except for Smell)

Ventricles

4 cavities inside cerebrum producing and circulating CSF

Wernicke's Area

Language Comprehension (Unilateral)

White Matter

Contains neuron extensions