Phonetics Exam 2- allophones+coarticulation/assimilation

phonotactic constraints

________: constraints on which sounds can occur in certain environments and sometimes allow us to predict the occurrence of sounds

phoneme

________: a class of speech sounds that seem to be variants of the same sound

allophone

________: each member of a particular phoneme class.

-ex: [t] and [t with a burst of air (h coloring)]

distribution

________: of a speech sound; the set of phonetic environments in which it occurs

contrastive distribution

________: two sounds that can occur in the same environment and change meaning

• determined by minimal pairs

non-contrastive distribution

________: two sounds that appear in different sets of environments; allophones of the same phoneme

• can never form a minimal pair.

free variation

________: two sounds that occur in the same environment but they do not change meaning.

assimilation

________: the process of phonemes taking on the phonetic characteristics of neighboring sounds

• a result of co-articulation.

co-articulation

________: overlapping of articulators during speech

regressive assimilation

________:

• right to left

• anticipatory

• a phoneme becomes similar to a later phoneme

progressive assimilation

________:

• left to right

• preservative

• bound morphology affected

elision

________:

• phonemes are eliminated, or elided

• syllable can be elided

epenthesis

________:

• addition of a phoneme

• common in early childhood development

metathesis

________:

• transposition of sounds in a word

• common in early childhood development

vowel reduction

________:

• a full vowel form becomes more neutralized, produced in the more mid or central position.

monophthongization

________:

• a diphthong is reduced to a monophthong.