Studied by 6 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Genetics
The study of how heredity works.
Genotype
The makeup of inheritable factors for a particular trait.
Phenotype
The observable, physical expression of that trait.
Heterozygous
If the two alleles for that gene are different.
Homozygous
If the two alleles for that gene are identical. In this case, these organisms can be ________ for the dominant or recessive allele.
Alleles
Tiny variations in the nucleotide sequence of a certain gene.
Heredity
The passing of inherited traits from parents to
offspring.
Diploid
A cell with two sets of homologous chromosomes.
Haploid cells
Reproductive cells that contain only one complete set of chromosomes, which is half the number found in diploid cells.
Meiosis
A type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes.
Law of Dominance
Mendel figured out that the form of the trait passed on to the plants of the Fl generation was dominant over the other, which was recessive.
If two purebreds with different forms of a particular trait are crossed, the offspring of the Fl generation will all have the same form of the trait.
Which law of Mendel’s Principles of Heredity is this?
Law of Segregation
When reproducing, each parent passed one of its factors for each inherited trait through its gametes (or sex cells).
The two factors defining a trait separate during the forming of gametes. Each gamete only has one factor of the trait, and this is determined by chance.
Which law of Mendel’s Principles of Heredity is this?
Law of Independent Assortment
The transmission of an inherited trait is independent of how the others are passed on.
Which law of Mendel’s Principles of Heredity is this?
What are the phases of meiosis I?
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, and Cytokinesis.
What are the phases of meiosis II?
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II, and Cytokinesis.
Prophase I
Each replicated chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome. This pairing forms a structure called a tetrad, which contains four chromatids. As the chromosomes pair, they sometimes undergo a process called crossing-over in which bits and pieces of the homologous chromosomes are exchanged.
Which phase of meiosis I is this?
Metaphase I
As prophase I ends, a spindle forms and attaches to each tetrad. During this phase of meiosis paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center Of the cell. As the cell moves into anaphase l, the homologous pairs of chromosomes separate.
Which phase of meiosis I is this?
Anaphase I
During this phase , spindle fibers pull each homologous chromosome pair toward opposite ends of the cell.
Which phase of meiosis I is this?
Telophase I
A nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosomes.
Which phase of meiosis I is this?
Cytokinesis
Form 2 new cells after telophase I.
Which phase of meiosis I is this?
Prophase II
As the cells enter this phase, their chromosomes—each consisting of two chromatids—become visible. The chromosomes do not pair to form tetrads, because the homologous pairs were already separated during meiosis l.
Which phase of meiosis II is this?
Metaphase II
During this phase of meiosis II, chromosomes line up in the center of each cell. As the cell enters anaphase, the paired chromatids separate.
Which phase of meiosis II is this?
Anaphase II, Telophase II, and Cytokinesis.
This final four phases of meiosis II are similar to those in meiosis I. However, the result is four haploid daughter cells.
Which phases of meiosis II is this?
