BPK Medical Information

on a basic metabolic panel, what are common lab values for BUN?

6 to 20 mg/dL

on a basic metabolic panel, what are common lab values for CO2?

23 to 29 mmol/L

on a basic metabolic panel, what are common lab values for creatinine?

0.8 to 1.2 mg/dL

on a basic metabolic panel, what are common lab values for glucose?

64 to 100 mg/dL

on a basic metabolic panel, what are common lab values for serum chloride?

95 to 105 mmol/L or mEq/L

on a basic metabolic panel, what are common lab values for serum potassium?

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L or mmol/L

on a basic metabolic panel, what are common lab values for serum sodium?

135 to 145 mEq/L or mmol/L

on a basic metabolic panel, what are common lab values for serum calcium?

8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL

on a CBC, what is the WBC normal range in adults?

5,000-10,000/mL

on a CBC, what is the hemoglobin normal range in males/females 15+?

Male = 13.0 - 17.0 g/dL

Female = 11.5 - 15.5 g/dL

on a CBC, what is the hematocrit normal range in males/females?

Male = 40 - 55%

Female = 36 - 48%

on a CBC, what is the platelet count normal range in adults?

150,000 - 400,000/mL

for liver function tests, what is the normal range for AST?

5-35 mg/dL

for liver function tests, what is the normal range for ALT?

5-55 mg/dL

define the sig: PO

oral

define the sig: NG

nasogastric tube

define the sig: PR

rectal

define the sig: IV

intravenous

define the sig: IM

intramuscular

define the sig: SQ

subcutaneous

define the sig: SL

sublingual (under tongue)

define the sig: buccal

between check and gums

define the sig: ophthalmic

eyes, dose measured n drops

define the sig: otic

ears, dose measured n drops

define the sig: QD

once daily

define the sig: BID

twice daily

define the sig: TID

three times daily

define the sig: QID

four times daily

define the sig: QAM

every morning

define the sig: QHS

every night

define the sig: DC

discontinue

define the sig: cap

capsule

define the sig: tab

tablet

define the sig: supp

suppository

define the sig: GTT

drops

define the sig: elix

elixir

define the sig: susp

suspension

define the sig: TBSP

tablespoon

define the sig: TSP

teaspoon

define the sig: AD

ear right

define the sig: AS

ear left

define the sig: AU

both ears

define the sig: OD

eye right

define the sig: OS

eye left

define the sig: OU

both eyes

define the sig: D5W

dextrose in 5% water

define the sig: NS

normal saline

define the sig: LR

lactated ringers

define idiosyncratic reaction

we don't know why this reaction occurred

define anaphylaxis

severe allergic reaction with hives, tongue or throat swelling, shortness of breath. Epinephrine is used as an antidote and diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and/or corticosteroids are usually helpful

define agonist

a drug stimulates a receptor causing an effect

define antagonist

a drug blocks another drug or natural chemical from stimulating a receptor = preventing an effect

define partial agonist/antagonist

a drug that blocks another drug from stimulating a receptor but inherently stimulates it itself and produces a slight effect

define pharmacokinetic drug interaction

one drug changing the drug concentrations (Cmax, AUC) of another drug. Pharmacokinetic is ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination)

define pharmacodynamic drug interaction

One drug accentuates (potentiates) or attenuates (antagonizes) another drug's effect without changing the Cmax or AUC of another drug

define cytochrome P450 system

System that metabolizes many drugs in the liver (and small intestine). Creates active or inactive metabolites

define off label

drug being used for a purpose other than the FDA approved indication

define therapeutic range/window

the concentrations between the minimum effective and minimum toxic concentrations

define the prefix: ab-

away from

define the prefix: ad-

toward

define the prefix: acro-

top, extremities

define the prefix: acu-

sharp, severe

define the prefix: ante-

before, forward

define the prefix: anti-, anter-

opposing, against

define the prefix: bi-

two, double

define the prefix: brachio-

arm

define the prefix: chemo-

chemical

define the prefix: co-, con-, com-

together, with

define the prefix: cranio-

skull

define the prefix: cyto-

related to cells

define the prefix: de-

down, from

define the prefix: di-

twice, two

define the prefix: dia-

throughout

define the prefix: ecto-

outside

define the prefix: encephal/o

brain

define the prefix: estro-

female

define the prefix: epi-

upon

define the prefix: extra/o-

beyond, outside of

define the prefix: hemi

half, half of

define the prefix: hemat/o-

blood

define the prefix: hyper-

above, excessive, beyond

define the prefix: hyp-, hypo-

below, beneath, deficient

define the prefix: inter-

between

define the prefix: intra-

within, inside

define the prefix: intro-

into, within

define the prefix: macro-

large

define the prefix: meso-

middle

define the prefix: micro-, micr-

tiny, small

define the prefix: mono/uni

one, single

define the prefix: morto-

death

define the prefix: my/o-

muscle

define the prefix: neur/o-

nerve

define the prefix: ocul/o-

eye

define the prefix: onco-

tumor

define the prefix: or-

mouth

define the prefix: post-

after, following, behind

define the prefix: pre-, pro-

in front of, before

define the prefix: pulmon-

lungs

define the prefix: retro-

behind, backward

define the prefix: secto-

to cut