Cold War Rivalries
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20 Terms
When did the USSR launch Sputnik 1?
October 1957
Why was Eisenhower criticsed after Sputnik?
Because the public thought he was underfunding their own space program
Who was the first person to orbit the earth and when?
Yuri Gagarin in 1961
How much had the US committed to the Space Race and ultimately failed to match the Soviets?
$1 Billion
What did Eisenhower create in 1958 to forward the US’ Space efforts?
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Who massively increased funding for NASA?
Kennedy
How much more space missions had the US gone on compared to USSR in 1962?
48 More missions
When did USSR develop the Hydrodgen bomb?
1955
What did the Gaither report suggest?
The Soviets were superior in missile technology
What undermined the Gaither report?
U-2 Spy plane pictures said otherwise
Where did Eisenhower agree to send ICBM placements after the Gaither report?
Britain and Turkey
What did the USSR say about these new nuclear placements?
That it was dangerous and they were ‘encircled’
Berlin Crisis 1958-63
Increasing emigration from East to West through Berlin. GDR leaders wanted USSR to do something from ‘stealing’ the East’s educated youth and skilled workers
There was a scarcity of consumer goods
West invested in West Berlin which demonstrated the high living standards
West German NATO membership could lead to nuclear placements there
China was beginning to challenge Soviet dominance in Europe
Although the USSR was winning the space race, it was expensive
What did Khrushchev order in November 1958
The west withdraw troops to make Berlin free. Failure to agree would put East Berlin in East German hands
Western powers response to Khushchev’s ultimatum?
They rejected but advanced diplomacy talks with him. Macmillan visited Moscow in 1959. Khrushchev had talks with Eisenhower in the US at Camp David
What happened on the eve of the Paris Summit?
The Soviets shot down a U-2 Spy plane piloted by Gary Powers
Who became President in 1961 committing to an anti-communist stance
Kennedy
When was the Berlin Wall put up to stop skilled workers emigrating?
August 1961
Who convinced Khrushchev to build the wall?
East German Chancellor - Walter Ulbricht
What speech did Kennedy make parading a victory for democracy in Berlin
The ‘Ich bin ein Berliner’ speech