flash cards on Gastroesophageal Reflux and Peptic Ulcer Disease Treatments

What are the primary functions of the stomach?

The stomach functions to store food, mix food, and empty its contents into the intestine.

Which type of stomach cells secrete pepsinogen?

Chief Cells secrete pepsinogen, the inactive precursor of pepsin, which digests proteins.

What are the key symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

Symptoms of GERD include burning, bloating, belching, and regurgitation of gastric secretions (pepsin and HCl) into the esophagus.

What is the action of Antacids?

Antacids buffer hydrochloric acid to decrease its concentration in the stomach.

Name two serious adverse effects of Antacids.

Serious adverse effects include constipation (especially with calcium or aluminum formulations) and diarrhea (with magnesium formulations).

How do Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists work?

They block H2 receptors, resulting in decreased gastric acid secretion volume.

What is Misoprostol (Cytotec) used for?

Misoprostol is used to prevent and treat gastric ulcers caused by NSAIDs (including aspirin).

Why is Misoprostol contraindicated in pregnancy?

It is contraindicated due to the risk of miscarriage and uterine contractions.

What is the primary action of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?

PPIs inhibit gastric secretion by blocking the gastric acid pump of parietal cells.

What is the function of Sucralfate (Carafate)?

Sucralfate adheres to ulcer craters, protecting them from acids, pepsin, and bile salts.

How does Metoclopramide (Reglan) affect the digestive system?

Metoclopramide reduces reflux, increases stomach contractions, relaxes the pyloric valve, and increases peristalsis.

Name two serious adverse effects of Metoclopramide.

Serious adverse effects include Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and risk of seizures.

What nonpharmacologic interventions are recommended for GERD and PUD?

Recommendations include weight reduction, smoking cessation, smaller more frequent meals, avoiding eating before bedtime, and avoiding tight clothing over the abdomen.

What cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?

Parietal Cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), which assists in digestion and provides an acidic environment for pepsin activity.

What is the primary goal of treatment for GERD and PUD?

The goals are to relieve symptoms, decrease frequency and duration of reflux episodes, heal tissue injury due to acid exposure, and prevent recurrence of symptoms.

Chief Cells

Secretory cells in the stomach that secrete pepsinogen, an inactive precursor of pepsin, which digests proteins.

Parietal Cells

Secretory cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), which assists in digestion and provides an acidic environment for pepsin activity.

Mucus Cells

Secretory cells in the stomach that secrete mucus, which protects the stomach lining from acid and pepsin.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Also known as heartburn; a common stomach disorder characterized by burning, bloating, belching, and regurgitation of gastric secretions into the esophagus.

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Includes various stomach disorders, such as gastric and duodenal ulcers, characterized by burning, gnawing, and aching sensations in the stomach area.

Antacids

A drug class that buffers hydrochloric acid to decrease its concentration in the stomach, used to treat heartburn due to excessive eating/drinking and acute ulcers.

Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists

A drug class that blocks H_2 receptors, resulting in decreased gastric acid secretion volume, used for GERD, duodenal ulcers, stress ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

A gastrointestinal prostaglandin that inhibits gastric acid and pepsin secretion, used to prevent and treat gastric ulcers caused by NSAIDs, and is contraindicated in pregnancy.

Proton Pump Inhibitors

A drug class that inhibits gastric secretion by blocking the gastric acid pump of parietal cells, used to treat severe esophagitis, GERD, and gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Sucralfate (Carafate)

A coating agent that adheres to ulcer craters, protecting them from acids, pepsin, and bile salts, used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers, especially for patients intolerant of other therapies.

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A prokinetic agent that reduces reflux, increases stomach contractions, relaxes the pyloric valve, and increases peristalsis, used for gastric reflux esophagitis, diabetic gastroparesis, and as an antiemetic.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

A bacterium whose infection may require antibiotic therapy in patients with GERD or PUD symptoms.

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

Serious adverse effects associated with prokinetic agents like metoclopramide, involving involuntary movements and other neurological symptoms.

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A condition characterized by excessive gastric acid secretion, which can be treated with Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists.

Hypomagnesemia

A serious adverse effect associated with Proton Pump Inhibitor therapy.

Chief Cells

Secretory cells in the stomach that secrete pepsinogen, an inactive precursor of pepsin, which digests proteins.

Parietal Cells

Secretory cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), which assists in digestion and provides an acidic environment for pepsin activity.

Mucus Cells

Secretory cells in the stomach that secrete mucus, which protects the stomach lining from acid and pepsin.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Also known as heartburn, characterized by symptoms such as burning, bloating, belching, and regurgitation of gastric secretions into the esophagus.

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Includes various stomach disorders, commonly gastric and duodenal ulcers, with symptoms like burning, gnawing, and aching sensations in the stomach area.

Antacids

A drug class that buffers hydrochloric acid to decrease its concentration in the stomach, used to treat heartburn.

Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists

A drug class that blocks H2 receptors, resulting in decreased gastric acid secretion volume, used for GERD, duodenal ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

A gastrointestinal prostaglandin that inhibits gastric acid and pepsin secretion, used to prevent and treat gastric ulcers caused by NSAIDs.

Proton Pump Inhibitors

A drug class that inhibits gastric secretion by blocking the gastric acid pump of parietal cells, used to treat severe esophagitis, GERD, and gastric/duodenal ulcers.

Sucralfate (Carafate)

A coating agent that adheres to ulcer craters, protecting them from acids, pepsin, and bile salts, primarily used for duodenal ulcers.

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A prokinetic agent that reduces reflux, increases stomach contractions, relaxes the pyloric valve, and increases peristalsis, also used as an antiemetic.

Helicobacter pylori

A bacterial infection often treated with antibiotics, indicated for symptomatic Helicobacter pylori infection in the context of PUD.