Rise of nazis

DAP, ideas of nationalising, anti-semitism and anti-capitalism

Original name and background

gained 3300 members. He developed the nazi salute and swastika. By July 1921 he was its chairman/fuhrer

Hitler’s influence in the party

February 1920, made by Hitler and Anton Drexler, changed the name to NSDAP

25 point programme

20000

party membership by 1923

SA set up 1921, Volkischer Beobacher 1921, won the support of Streicher (owner of Der Sturmer) and Goring

Early developments

Gregor Strasser highlighted the socialist anti-capitalist wing of the party

Divisions

February 1926, led to the Fuherprinzip, maintained socialist aspects of 25 point programme, unity

Bamberg conference

each region to have a gauleiter, a vertical structure. Foundation of Hitler youth, the NAzis Teacher’s association , Union of Nazi Lawyers

Party structure

108000

membership by 1928

set up 1925 as elite bodyguards, by 1929 only had 200 members

the SS

only won 2.6% - a disappointment after restructure

may 1928 election results

to social and economic interests- appeals to farmers with benefits against agricultural collapse, offer industrial workers bread and work

canvassing

radio, film, cars and airplanes used

technology

mass rallies create emotional atmosphere to make people succumb to the collective will

Mass suggestion

Fuhrer cult, volksgemeinschaft, nationalism, blame on November criminals and jews

Themes of party

July 1930 led to 10 dead. SA was banned for 3 monthes

Violence and resluts

capmpaign led by Hugenberg, led to the December 1929 Freedom Law referendum that failed allowed exposure for the Nazis

opposition to Young plan

Working class are largest supporters, mittelstand, peasants, the young made up 41% of party membership 1933. Across regional, religious and class support- broad base

demographic of support

their politics of anxiety and scapegoating no longer fell of deaf ears

effect of Great Depression

17th February 1933

when was the reichstag fire

28th feb Emergency decree suspended political and civil liberties, allowed more authoritarian government, arrest of communists

aftermath of reichstag fire

5th march with a turnout of 88%, nazi vote went form 33% to 43.9% - not 2/3 majority they wanted

march election results

50000 more police enrolled, 69 died

run up to March 1933 election

only 2 nazis in cabinet, no majority in Reichstag, threat of Hindenburg

vulnerabilities as chancellor

nazis were the biggest party, had resources-like goring as head of police

Strengths as chacellor

January 1933 ‘appeal to the German people’ blames poor conditions on communists, in a February meeting with industrialists he was promised 3 million reichsmarks in backing

Hitler’s promises as chancellor

March 1933, legal dictatorship, give him power to pass laws without gov for 4 years

enabling act

KPD not admitted, SA troops surrounded it, gained Centre party support, number needed to pass the law lessened to 378 votes, first concentration camp at Dachau 20th MArch

how the enabling act was passed

communists already removed, social democrats banned 22nd June, by 14th July law passed against creating parties- one party state

glieschalutung on parties

army, big business, church had influence. Civil service and education remained

Limitations of gleischaltung

july 1933, dissolved the centre party

concordat with church

31st march regional parliaments were dissolved, by January 1934 regional state governments were abolished - no more federal government

gleischaltung on lander

1st may declared national holiday, 2nd may TU premises occupied, funds confiscated and leaders arrested, all absorbed into the DAF - 22million members

gleischaltung on trade unions

30th June 1034, around 200 killed the SA, as well as political opponents like Strasser and Schleicher, Rohm

NOLK

SA removed, emergence of SS, army support and Bloomberg publically thanked him, legal murder

effects of NOLK

2nd august 1932, led to the combination of chancellor and president to Fuhrer

Hindeburg’s death

10th august the army took an oath of loyalty to Hitler, a plebiscite on the 19th August showed 90% of public in favour of Hitler as fuhrer

support of Hitler as Fuhrer