CLST341- Important people

Caligula

Emperor after Tiberius

Wife=Caesonia

had one young infant at the time of death- wife and baby killed with him

Parents= Germanicus and Agrappina

Grandparents= Antonia +Drusus 1 and Julia+M. Agrippa

Siblings = Nero caesar, Drusus Caesar, Agrippina yr, Julia Drusilla, Julia Livilla

Killed by Praetorian guard

Claudius

First name - Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus

Imp name - Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus

Emperor following Caligula - Proclaimed by Praetorian guard

Uncle to Nero

Parents= Antonia and Drusus1

Grandparents= Livia + Tib claud Nero and Octavia + M. Antonius

Siblings= Germanicus and Livilla

Great Nephew of Augustus - Nephew of Tiberius

Wifes+ kids

1. Urglilnia - 2 children

2. Aelia Paetina - child= Antonia

3. Messlina - children= Britanicus and Octavia

4. Agrippina Yr (Had her own child = Nero)

Tutored by Livy

Cassius Chaerae

Praetorian Prefect- Killed Caligula

Executed under Claudius

Julius Lupus

Praetorian prefect- Killed Caesonia and the infant baby

Executed under Claudius

Cornelius Sabine

part of the conspiracy to kill Caligula - was not condemned

He committed suicide out of loyalty to Cassius Chaerea (Murder of Caligula)

Plautus Urgulanilla

First Wife of Claudius

had 1 child with him - Claudius Drusus (who died relatively early)

Aelia Paetina

Second wife of Claudius

Children = had Antonia (Named after claudius’ mother)

Claudius divorced her because she was related to Sejanus - forced to divorce due to relation to Sejanus)

Messalina

Third wife of Claudius

Children=

1. Octavia (named after claudius grandmother)

2. Tiberius Claudius Caesar- Later Britannicus

Father - M. Valerie’s Messala Barbatus

Mother - Domitian Lepida

was related to Octavia on both sides - as closely related to Augustus as Claudius was

Fell in love with Gaius Sillius - had a wedding and was executed by Claudius when he found out.

Lucius Annaeus Seneca

philosopher

From Cordouba Spain

Exiled due to a adulators relationship with Julia

• Sent to the island of Corsica

Later allowed to return by Claudius - Tutor to Nero

• Became a principle advisor to Nero

• Was complicit in the Piso Conspirct against Nero and Nero forced him into Suicide

He was married to Pompeia Paulina of Arelate( Arles), Narbonensis.

• Paulina’s father- Cn. Pompeius Paulinus, Prefect of the Grain supply, A.D 48 (annona)

Works of Seneca

Consolation ad polybium (Polybius)

Consoluatio ad Helviam (Helvia)

Recognizing the ups and downs of life

They believed in the unity of nature (everything is intertwined)

The stoics believed that cruelty is wrong - prolonging pain is not good- against the idea of teriny.

Ptolemy

king of Mauritania

Inherited from Caligula- Mauritania

A war of pacification began almost at once

By AD 44, Mauritania was made into two provinces Tingitana and Caesariensis

Tingitana - Today called Tangiers.(Northern Morocco) -

L. Arruntius furious Camillius Scribonianus

Con - AD 32, Governor of Dalmatia

He attempted a coup in AD 42 with his own legions, but after 4 days, his troops abandoned the revolt and killed him.

Annulus Caecina Paetus

Etruscan ancestory

Another conspirator involved in the 2nd crisis coup - against Claudius

sent to trial -

Aria- wife killed him so that her family would not loose everything.

Narcissus

Ab epistulis (in charge of letters- chief secretary - in charge of correspondence- drafted bills/ legislation) (Roman citizen)

• Very rich from taking money from senators to get appointments with the emperor

in charge of planning and co-ordination logistics for the British invasion

(M. Antonius) Pallas

a rationibus ( person in charge of accounts) (emperor, senatorial and provincial accounts) (minster of finance)

(C. Julius ) Callistus

a libellis (in charge of petitions - bring it to Narcissus who brings it to Claudius)

Polybius

a studiis( the one in charge of studies and records) (early example of Suetonius - looked after the imperial libraries)

• Killed by Messilina

Marcus Antonius Felix

also becomes fairly powerful and well connected

Freedman

• Governor of Judea

Caratacus

Fighting for succession of Catuvellauni - tribe in southern Britian

• Rome attacked due to instability

Brother was defeat in battle - handed over to the Romans by the Queen of the Brigantes- during the battle of Caradoc

Taken to Rome as Trophy - Allowed to Speak before the Senate

• Everyone was so impressed that he was pardoned

• Lived the rest of his life as a guest of Claudius in Rome

Brothers - Togodumnus and Amminius

Decimus Valerius Asiaticus

was a Roman- Gaul - from Vienna

Said that he wished he had killed Caligula

• served in Britan - possible as a diplomat - Was a Gaul and could speak the Language.

Became Consul and the quickly resigned - did not have to pay for the games but his name was given to the year

• People were very upset over this

Enemies wanted to get rid of him - they recruited Messalina. She wanted his Property - the gardens of Lucullus.

He was charged with everything - claudius served as the judge - found guilty

• he committed suicide

• claudius confiscated the gardens Lullucus for Messalina

Agrippina yr

The choice of Pallas to marry Claudius

4th wife of Claudius

Previously married to Gaius Domitius Ahenobarbus

• Had Nero as a result of that Marriage

Parents= Germanicus and Agrippina eld

Siblings =Caligula, Nero Caesar, Drusus Caesar, Julia Livilla, Julia Drusilla

Took over the household- started encouraging appointments

Potentially had a relationship with Burrus

formed a triumverate with Burrus and Seneca

Nero

Emperor after Claudius

Parents = Agrippina yr and Gaius Domitian Ahenabarbus

Grandparents= Germanics + Agrippina eld and Lucius Domitian Ahenabarbus + Antonia Minor

Wifes

• Octavia (Claudius Daughter) - Divorced because she was “Baren”

• Claudia (Acte) Mistress - freedwomen

• Vivia Sabina- Children = Claudia Augusta

Marcus Annaeus Lucanus

he Roman Poet Lucan (wrote a negative poem about Julius Caesar)

Tridates

Rome - issues with Armenia as a buffer state- Issues with Parthia

The Parthian King, Vologeses, installed his brother as King of Armenia

Parthians argue that Romans broke the agreement earlier so they were allowed to do this.

In 60 AD corbulo drove him out of Armenia - installed Roman Candidate

Later reinstalled by Parthia - Agreement let him remain

was crowned by Nero

Tigranes V

Roman pick for the King of Parthia - Replaced Tridates.

was installed by the Romans

soon after tried to invade Pathia and was halted.

replaced.

Gn. Domitius Corbulo

Governor in Asia, the Syria

Very good and respected General

Commander of Cappadocia and Galatic

Consul in 39

Son of VISTILLIA - had 5 other siblings

Brother of Caesonia (Caligulas last wife)

Wife=Cassia Longina

Daughter - Domitia Longina (Married Domitian)

Boudicca

Queen of Iceni

Widow to the king - Prasutagus

All wealth was stolen by Nero- created an alliance of the iceni and Trinovantes - intent on removing the Romans out of Britian

• she did fairly well- burnt the capital, Camnulodunm (Colchester), Verulamium and Lofinium.

Suetonius Paulinus

Governor of Britain

had been fighting/wiping out Druids on the Island of Mona(Anglesey)

He eventually arrives and when does he met the rebels (Boudica) and defeated them near London.

Agerinus

Servant of Agrippina Yr

Sent to tell Nero that Agrippina was still alive and in Misenum

Clodius Thrasea Paetus

Stormed out due to all the groveling and people believing the story of Agrippinas murder by Nero.

His wife was Arria the younger.

He was a stoic

Arria’s mother was the Aria who was the wife of Aulus Caecina Paetus, the senator. Implicated in the rebellion against Claudius in AD 42.

C. Ofonius Tigellinus

Praetorian prefect that succeeded Burrus - Bad cop

Presented evidence at the Trail of Octavia - who was later tortured and killed

Faenius rufus

one of 2 Praetorian prefects that succeeded Burrus- good cop

was prefect of the grain supply.

Complicit in the conspiricy of Piso - Told to commit suicide

L. Pedanius Secundus

a senator for Barcino (Barcelona) and the Prefect of the city, was murdered by one of his slaves.

• was extremely wealthy Start to see people from the western empire in the upper class in Rome

he law says that is the master is killed by a slave - it was not done alone - told another slave - all slaves would be executed. - however people did not really like him

C. Cassius Longinus

Discussed the murder of Secundus - says the law is in place for a reason - if the prefect of the police department isn't safe then neither are we - all 400 slaves were sent to be executed

Octavia

First wife of Nero

Daughter of Claudius and Messalina

siblings= Britannicus

No kids together -

Nero Divorced her because he said she was Barren.

• Went to trial for adultery - torutred and killed by Nero

Claudia (Acte)

Mistress of Nero

• Disliked by Agrippina because she was a freedwomen (Libertas)

Poppaea Sabina

Second wife of Nero

• Grandfather made the Lex Poppaea-Popia

Named Augusta when she Married Nero

One child with Nero - Claudia Augusta

First Marriage to Servius Otho

Peter

moves from Antioch to Rome

became the first Bishop of Antioch and later the first Biship of Rome

Died during The first imperial persecution of Christians - hunting them down and battering them

Executed The circus of Gaius (Caligula) and Nero - upsidown cross as to not be pictured as the lord

Paul

Originally Saul, Born In Tarsus in Cilicia

Tried by both Junius Gallio (Senecas brother) and M. Antonius Felix (Pallas brother)

Waas a Roman citizen - Appealed to the emperor - killed

Died during The first imperial persecution of Christians - hunting them down and battering them

- One of the most famous victims

beheaded (because he was a citizen)

C. Calpurnius Piso

His wife was taken by Caligula - he then divorced her and forbade her from marrying again

Created a conspiracy against Nero

• Consiritors wanted to put Piso in Neros place

Annius Vincianus

Corbulo's son-in- law

escorted Tiridates to Rome, where his coronation maked the formal end of war.

Just as he left the city after the festivities, but by the time he reached Beneventum, he was implicated in another plot against Nero -executed

Josephus

Roman citizen but part of the rebellion

a prominent Pharisee

• was made commander rebel forces of Galilee..

When he was defeated and captured by Vespasian, he predicted that Vespasian would be Emperor. Curious, Vespasian kept him alive.

Julius Vindex

Gallo- Roman senator, Came from Equitania

He summoned the tribes of Gaul against Nero

Father was a senator - grandfather might have been given citizenship by Caesar or Augustus

With that army of Gallic tribes, he was able to capture Lugdunum, which was not just a provincial capitial but also the city of a very important Imperial mint.

Again they minted coins to get the message out - harks back to Augustus - Mars Ultor (the avenger) - Signa =Legionary standards. - not anti-Roman

Vindex also means “avenger”

he Gauls were defeated and he committed suicide.

Lucius Virginia’s Rufus

Commander against the Germanic rebellion by Vindex

Defeated vindex

Later proclaimed emperor by the Upper German army - he turned down their acclamation

Galba

Following the acclimation of Rufus - and his refusal

The governor of Tarraconensis- proclaimed emperor by his troops

he had agents in Rome - the agents in Rome promised a donative for praetorians who defected - many did. - he took over

• From an ancient Patrician family

• Puts Damnation Memoriae on Nero (he flees the city/ commits suicide)

married Aemilia lepida - had 2 sons

Otho was a friend/ aiding general

L. Calpurnius Piso Licinianus

• besides being a calpunian, was a descendent

  •  of the Scribonii -hence a cousin of Julia - and the imperial family

Adopted by Galba as heir

After Galbas murder, the Praetorians involved soon looked for the adopted son- Him (adopted) sought refuge in the temple of Vesta, the national fireplace. - there he was killed.

Otho

Was angary that Galba picked another Hier - planned a murder plot for Galba within 5 days.

Took over as Emperor.

Had been the husband of Poppaea Sabina - The wife of Nero

One appointment of note Aulus Vitellius \- Governor of Lower Germany - sent out after Rufus.

Appointed Vespasian’s brother T. Flavins Sabine’s as the prefect of the city *chief of police)

Under Otho, the decree of damnatio Memoriae against Nero, which had been followed by Galba, was lifted

Vitellius

Sent to be the governor of Lower Germany by Otho -

Word had arrived in Rome by Jan 15. that on new years day the army of Lower Germany had acclaimed thier governor as their Imperator. - joined by Upper Germany and Belgica.

• He was really just along for the ride- soilders in charge

was from Augustan aristocracy, though he claimed ancient patrician roots (not true) - made patrician though Augustus

Tib. Julius Alexander

Equestrian

First to acclaim Vespasian as Emperor

the prefect of Egypt on July 1, 69.

was an equestrian - to get into the civil service - had to give up Judaism - because they had to view the emperor as a god

Made prefect under Nero- At the rec of Corbulo

Had a bad relationship with his family due to setting Roman army against Jewish people

T. Flavius Sabinus

Brother of Vespasian

The Prefect of the city - Done by Galba

• Killed during the Fight with Vitellius

T. Flavius Domitianus

Son of Vespasian '

Hid during to the fight for emperorship - hid as a priest of Isis to avoid beign killed

M. Antonius Primus

Amid the bloodshed, the governor of Pannonia took control of the city.

took over - pretended to be the emperor

was a Narbonese Gaul from tolosa whose Gallic nickname, "Becco" (beak" was in reference to his large Nose-

Vitellius was captured and brutally kill as was his son and brother. - wife/ daughter were still alive.

C. Licinius Mucianus

the governor of Syria, arrived soon afterwards and assumed control over Primus

D. Valerius Asiaticus(2)

Vitellius made Asiaticus his son-in-law- Daughter was very young

After the death of Vitellius.

To make a smooth and constitutional transition Vitellius' son-in-law, put forward a motion that gave military honours to all Flavian cammanders -

disappears from history thereafter. He was referred to as a consul designate in AD 69.

Flavia

Wife of Vespasian

Had 3 children

• Titus Fl. Vespasianus

• t. Fl. Domitianus

• Flavia Domitilla

Titus Fl. Vespasianus

eldest son of vespasian and flavia

When he returns from Judaea, he becomes the Prefect of the Praetorian Guard

had a daughter, Julia, who was born ca. AD 65. He divorced his wife soon after

• no clue who the wife was

he was involved with Berenice, a member of the Jewish royal family. The daughter of (Herod) Agrippa I

Raised issues that a foreign women involved in the Royal family- can’t marry her- she was sent away.

Deals with

• The eruption of Vesuvius

• Another great fire in Rome

• Another devastating plague

Titus Flavius Domitianus

Second son of Vespansian

Takes over after Titus dies

married the daughter of Corbulo, Domitia Longina.

T. Aurelius Fulvus

Gaul, from Nemuasus or Nimes

(served under Corblo ) became consul early in the reign of Vespasian - 2nd consul in 85

rewarded with admission into the senate or if they had been senatorial class for a generation they were awarded patrician status

• he was made a Patrician

Vespasian began awarding Baetica and Gallic Natbonensis with more appointments.

Pliny the elder

Was killed by the Eruption of Vesuvius

was the author of the Historia Naturalis (Natural history)

An encyclopedia work on such topic as the universe, geography, botany and anatomy

Published in AD 77 - dedicated to Titus

Pliny the younger

Nephew of Pliny the Elder - Adopted by him

• Witnessed the eruption of Vesuvius

Domitia Longina

Daughter of Corbulo

Named Augusta

After Domitian became Imperator

To unite the Flavian family with the faction of Corbulo

1 son together, he died in Infancy

Whatever the truth, theirs was not a love story- he divorced her and then forced to take her back because the people loved her.

Even while he was married to Longina, he was living with his niece, Julia, a similar situation of that and Claudius and Agrippina II

T. Flavius Clemens

Later domitian adopted the sons of his cousin (him)

Naming them Domitianus and Vespasianus

who was married to Flavia Domitilla, the niece of Vespasian through his sister Fl. Domitilla

He was executed for 'Atheism"- not recognizing the gods of Rome.

Cornelia

Chief vestal Virgins that was executed under Domitian

in the year 90. - 30 year turn (chief is the oldest women)

Buried them alive (thought that if they were innocent they would be freed)

L. Aelius Lamia.

Domitia Longinas first husband

Domition made him divorce her

M. Cocceius Nerva

An elderly Italian senator, as the new Emperor

Domitian received Damnation memoraei

Grandfather was republican aristocracy. - consul in 35 BC- Born in Narnia.

Before he was consul he was a noted member of the senate

He had served as ordinary consul with Vespasian In AD 71

He served again as ordinary, together with Domitian, in the year 90

In the year 65, he exposed the conspiracy of Piso- tasidus says he got statues set up in the forum for him due to this loyalty

Although he was Italian, his successors were all western provincials, from Baetica or Galia Narbonensis

Casperius Aelianus

who had served as prefect a few years earlier and who was loyal to Domitian.

• Was instated by Nerva

• Soon after taking office, He and the Guard held Nerva hostage until he condemned some of those involved to assassination.

Killed by Trajan

M. Ulpius Traianus

Born in Italica, Baetica in AD 53 to a senatorial father

the governor of upper Germany

Adopted by Nerva as his Son and heir

he was married to Plotina (Pompeia)

One of the first things he did was summon Casperius Aelianus and other to his - of the Praetorian Guards.When they arrived he "put them out of the way" - executed

had a close relationship with Pliny the Younger

Considered the best

P. Aelius Hadrianus

Cousin of Trajan

succession was ensured by Plotina and P. Acilius Attianus, the Praetorian prefect, also from Italica.

Wife = Vibia Sabina (Great Niece of Trajan)

Had no children

Domestic policy - opposed Trajans policy

Stayed in the emipire - did not example

Ulpia Marciana

Sister of Emperor Trajan

Married - C. Salonius Matidius

Children - Salonia Matidia

Granddaughter- Vibia Sabina

Was named Augusta

died in 112, her daughter Matidia became Augusta.

divi Marciana- after she died

Matidia

Niece of Trajan

Married - Lucius Mindius

Mother = Marciana

children =Vibia Sabina, Matidia Minor, Rupilia, Vibia Matidia

Acilius Attianus

Praetorian Prefect for Hadrian

he executed - 4 consular senators, all generals, all loyal to Trajan, including Conerlius Palma, were executed- executed for treason

Reigned after - was accepted

disappeared from history after

After Hadrian's father died, Attianus became his guardian

Simon Bar Kokhba

Revolt

Judea and Idumea - was controlled by the rebels

They were able to set up government

Althought the Jewish rebels had early successes and had declared an independent state, they were eventually crushed

They were banned from Judea

Antinous

During a trip to egypt he drowned in the nile

Hadrian’s favorite boyfriend - Very sad

Hardian ordered a city to be built on the Nile and Named for him

L. Ceionius Commodus

In 136, Hadrian, who had no children,

Heir chosen - Italian Senator

(not the acc Commodus)

was the son-in-law of Avidius Nigrinus

Became L. Aelius Caesar

The heir apparent, who was not well when he was adopted, died on jan. 1 138.

Aurelius Felvus Boionius Arrius Antonius

He is adopted in place of L. Ceionius Commodus (L. Aelius Caesar)

First emperor whose ancestors came from Gaul (on fathers side)

Married to = Faustina (the elder)

Devoted to Hadrian

He ordered the execution of his Brother-in-law, L. Julius Ursula Servianus, and of Servianus’ grandson.

M. Annius Verus

Hadrian Stipulated that Antoninus adopt Antoninus' wife's nephew

Stoic Philosophy,

Lucius Verus

Hadrian also adopts the son of L. Aelius Caesar,

Commodus

Son of Marcus Aurelius

a descendant of good Emperors but not good himself. He reigned until 193.

believed he was the re-encarnation of Heracles

Assasination in 193.

so ended the long of Spanish and Narbonese emperors that had ruled Rome since AD 98