Monomers and Polymers of Carbs, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids

Four Key Organic Molecules of Life

Lipid, Protein, Amino Acid, Carbohydrate

Carbohydrate Monomer

glucose

Carbohydrate Polymer

Polysaccharide: starches, glycogen, cellulose

Lipids Monomer

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

Lipids Polymer

saturated fat, unsaturated fat, phospolipids, steroids.

Nucleic Acid Monomer

Nucelotide

Nucleic Acid Polymer

Nucleic Acid (DNA and RNA)

Proteins Monomer

Amino Acids

Proteins Polymer

Polypeptide Chain

Monomer of Carbohydrate

Glucose: a monosaccharide and the most basic unit of a carbohydrate.

Monomer of Nucleic Acid

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Polymer of Nucleic Acid

DNA and RNA

Polymer of Protein

Polypeptide chain

Monomer examples

RNA, DNA, glucose, glycerol, fatty acid, saturated fat,

polysaccharides

phospholipid

lipid used for cell structure/membrane

Organic compounds

makes up living matter: contains Carbon:

protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, lipid, CO2

Inorganic compounds

makes up non-living matter: does not contain carbon

H2O, O2,

Monomer

a small molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

Polymer

A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules. Polymers make up macromolecules

phospholipid

Phospholipid consist of 2 major component - a glycerol attached to a phosphate molecule and two fatty acid chain attached to the glycerol. Phospholipid is a polymer of lipids. Structure of cell membrane

activation energy

the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must absorb in order to undergo a specified reaction.

enzyme

a catalyst that lowers the activation energy required of the substrate. The substrate bonds at the active site of the enzyme. The resulting reaction creates a product.

Lipid

Lipids have three major roles in cells. First, they provide an important form of energy storage. Second, and of great importance in cell biology, lipids are the major components of cell membranes. Third, lipids play important roles in cell signaling, both as steroid hormones

carbohydrate

One of the four macro molecules. Monomer is glucose. polymers are: starch,glycogen,cellulose. Starch and cellulose are from plants. Glucose is both. Starch come from animals.