Cell Structure and Function in Animal and Plant Cells

Mitochondria

Double membrane organelles that generate ATP.

Lysosomes

Acidic organelles that degrade cellular materials.

Nuclear envelope

Double membrane enclosing the nucleus contents.

Nucleolus

Site of rRNA synthesis within the nucleus.

Nucleus

Contains chromatin; site of mRNA and tRNA synthesis.

Smooth ER

Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies hydrophobic molecules.

Rough ER

Synthesizes and processes secreted and membrane proteins.

Golgi complex

Processes and sorts proteins from the rough ER.

Secretory vesicles

Store proteins and release them via plasma membrane.

Peroxisomes

Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful molecules.

Cytoskeletal fibers

Support membranes and organize organelles; aid movement.

Cell wall

Cellulose structure providing shape and mechanical protection.

Chloroplasts

Double membrane organelles that conduct photosynthesis.

Microvilli

Increase surface area for nutrient absorption.

Vacuole

Stores water and nutrients; aids in cell growth.

Plasmodesmata

Cell junctions connecting cytoplasms of adjacent plant cells.

ATP

Energy currency of the cell, produced by mitochondria.

Chromatin

DNA-protein complex found in the nucleus.

Enzymes

Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions in cells.

Hydrophobic molecules

Substances that do not mix with water.