the appendicular skeleton

What does the appendicular skeleton include?

Bones of the limbs and supporting bone girdles that connect the limbs to the trunk.

What are the components of the pectoral girdle?

The pectoral girdle includes an S-shaped clavicle and a broad, flat scapula.

What is the function of the glenoid cavity?

It is a cup-shaped depression that articulates with the humeral head to form the glenohumeral joint.

Which bone is the only one in the arm?

The humerus.

What are the two parallel bones in the forearm?

The ulna and the radius.

What is the significance of the interosseous membrane?

It connects the shafts of the ulna and radius in the forearm.

How many carpal bones are in the wrist?

Eight carpal bones arranged in two rows.

How many phalanges does the pollex (thumb) have?

Two phalanges (proximal and distal).

What three bones form the hip bone?

Ilium, ischium, and pubis.

What structure connects the right and left pubic bones?

The pubic symphysis, which is a fibrocartilage pad.

What is the largest and heaviest bone in the body?

The femur.

What does the patellar surface allow for?

It provides a smooth surface on which the patella glides.

What is the role of the medial malleolus?

It is a medial projection of the ankle that provides support for the ankle joint.

What does the fibula provide for the ankle?

Lateral stability to the ankle.

How are the phalanges in the toes organized?

The hallux (great toe) has two bones (proximal and distal), while all other toes have three bones (proximal, middle, and distal).

What is the role of the skeletal system?

It provides support, protects organs, allows movement, produces blood cells, and stores minerals.

How many bones are in the adult human body?

Typically, there are 206 bones.

What is the purpose of ligaments?

Ligaments connect bones to other bones at joints.

What are tendons?

Tendons connect muscles to bones.

What type of bone tissue is more dense?

Compact bone tissue is more dense than spongy bone.

What is the function of red bone marrow?

Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

What is the function of yellow bone marrow?

Yellow bone marrow stores fat and serves as an energy reserve.

What are the main functions of the axial skeleton?

It protects the brain, spinal cord, and organs in the thorax.

What is the largest part of the skull called?

The cranium.

What are sutures in the skull?

Sutures are immovable joints between the bones of the skull.

What is the role of the vertebral column?

It protects the spinal cord and supports the head and body.

What are the cervical vertebrae?

The first seven vertebrae in the neck.

What is the function of the rib cage?

It protects the heart and lungs and assists in breathing.

What is synovial fluid?

A lubricating fluid found in joint cavities.

What is the role of cartilage?

It cushions joints and helps maintain the shape of certain structures.

What is a fracture?

A break in a bone.

What are the signs of a bone fracture?

Swelling, pain, bruising, and deformity.

What does the term 'articulation' refer to?

It refers to the connection between bones at a joint.

What are the types of joints?

There are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints.

What is osteoporosis?

A condition where bones become weak and fragile.