THE LIFE OF RIZAL

Vocabulary terms, historical figures, and key events from the lecture notes on Chapter 2: The Life of Rizal.

Mestizo

An individual born of mixed ancestry; may refer to a Spanish mestizo or a Chinese mestizo.

Principalia

The ruling and usually educated upper class in Spanish colonial Philippines.

Bachiller en Artes

Bachelor of Arts degree bestowed by colleges or universities.

Cortes

The government body in charge of drafting laws pertaining to Spain and its colonies.

Ilustrado

A term which means “enlightened ones” or the Filipinos educated in Europe.

Masonry

Fraternal organization which strives for moral betterment.

Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

The full name of Jose Rizal, born on June $19$, $1861$, in the town of Calamba, province of Laguna.

Francisco Mercado

Rizal’s father, a wealthy farmer who leased lands from the Dominican friars and was elected as Capitan del Pueblo in $1783$.

Lam-co

Rizal's ancestor from the district of Fujian in Southern China who migrated to the Philippines in the late $1600s$ and adopted the name “Domingo”.

Rizal (Surname history)

A surname added by Francisco Engracio Mercado in $1849$ following Governor Narciso Claveria’s decree, derived from the word “ricial” meaning “green field”.

Doña Teodora

Rizal’s mother and first teacher who taught him how to pray and the alphabet when he was $3$ years old.

Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua, and Leon Monroy

Rizal's private tutors; Leon Monroy was the third tutor who perfected Rizal's skills in basic Latin, reading, and writing.

Ateneo Municipal

Formerly known as Escuala Pia, the institution where Rizal enrolled for a six-year Bachiller en Artes program on June $10$, $1872$.

Roman Empire

The group within Ateneo composed of students boarding at the school.

Carthaginian Empire

The group within Ateneo composed of non-boarding students.

Perito agrimensor

The title meaning “expert surveyor” issued to Rizal on November $25$, $1881$, after taking a vocational course in Ateneo.

Medicine

The course Rizal shifted to in his second year at UST after feeling the need to help his mother with her failing eyesight.

El Amor Patrio

An essay entitled “Love of Country” published on August $20$, $1882$, in Diariong Tagalog.

Laong Laan

The pen name used by Rizal for the publication of his essay “El Amor Patrio”.

Licentiate in Medicine

The degree and title awarded to Rizal after passing medical examinations in June $1884$, which allowed him to practice medicine.

Licenciado en Filisofia y Letras

A degree obtained by Rizal from the Universidad Central de Madrid on June $19$, $1885$, with a rating of “sobresiliente” (outstanding).

Lodge Solidaridad

The Masonic lodge in Madrid where Rizal joined and became a Master Mason on November $15$, $1890$.

Tagalische Verkunst

A paper entitled “Tagalog Metrical Art” written by Rizal during his stay in Germany.

Noli Me Tangere

Rizal's first novel, published on March $21$, $1887$, in Berlin with financial help from Maximo Viola.

Doctor Uliman

The name Rizal was known by when he returned to Calamba in $1887$, as he was mistaken for a German.

Propaganda Movement

A political group including Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Graciano Lopez Jaena that campaigned for Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes and secularization of parishes.

La Solidaridad (Newspaper)

The newspaper of the Propaganda Movement where Rizal published several articles and essays.

Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

A work by Antonio de Morga which Rizal annotated to demonstrate that Filipinos possessed a developed culture before Spanish colonization.

Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos

An essay by Rizal published in $1890$ which translates to “On the Indolence of the Filipinos”.

Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años

An essay called “The Philippines a Century Hence” published in parts between $1889$ and $1890$.

El Filibusterismo

Rizal's second novel, completed in Brussels and published on September $18$, $1891$, through the help of Valentin Ventura.

La Liga Filipina

A socio-civic organization established by Rizal on July $3$, $1892$, shortly before his arrest and exile.

Pobres Frailes

Satirical leaflets found with Rizal, titled “Poor Friars”, which criticized the wealth of Dominican friars and led to his exile.

Captain Ricardo Carnicero

The head of Dapitan who became Rizal’s friend during his exile starting in July $1892$.

Josephine Bracken

The adopted daughter of George Taufer who fell in love with Rizal in Dapitan and lived with him as his wife.

Mi Ultimo Adios

Rizal’s longest poem and last farewell to the Filipinos, hidden inside a gas lamp.

Bagumbayan (Luneta)

The site where Jose Rizal was executed by firing squad at $7:00$ a.m. on December $30$, $1896$.

Consummatum Est

Rizal’s final words meaning “It is finished”.