LECTURE 6.1: DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT

Sustainable Development Goals

1. No Poverty

2. Zero Hunger

3. Good Health and Well-being

4. Quality Education

5. Gender Equality

6. Clean Water and Sanitation

7. Affordable and Clean Energy

8. Decent Work and Economic Growth

9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

10. Reduced Inequalities

11. Sustainable Cities and Communities

12. Responsible Consumption and Production

13. Climate Action

14. Life Below Water

15. Life on Land

16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

17. Partnerships for the Goals

Disaster Risk Reduction

is defined as "a systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster. It aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as deal with the environmental and other hazards that trigger them" (Asian Disaster Reduction Center).

Disaster Risk Reduction

It is the conceptual framework of elements considered with the possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development"(UNISDR and UNDP).

Key Concepts of DRR

1. Disaster risk reduction is a matter of decision.

2. Disaster risk reduction is about choices.

3. Disaster risk reduction is everyone’s business.

Disaster risk reduction is a matter of decision

Disaster Risk Reduction aims to reduce the damage caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, droughts and cyclones, through an ethic of prevention.

Disaster risk reduction is about choices

Disaster Reduction is Risk the concept and practice of reducing disaster risk through systematic efforts to analyze and reduce the causal factors of disasters.

Disaster risk reduction is everyone's business

Disaster Risk Reduction includes disciplines like disaster management, disaster mitigation and disaster preparedness, but DRR is also a part of sustainable development.

Basic Principles of DRR

• Development can either increase or decrease disaster risk

• Disaster risk reduction policy, laws and regulations will NOT save lives unless correctly implemented in communities.

• The "community" is the front line of the disaster risk management.

• Disaster Risk Reduction is not a"stand alone" activity - it cuts across almost all categories of human activity.

• Integrating disaster risk reduction at the national, provincial and community levels takes a long time to achieve.

• DRR must become a normal part of the decentralized development process.

Elements of DRRR

1. Disaster Risk Reduction Continuum

2. Immediate Disaster Response

3. Post Disaster to Continuum

Disaster Risk Reduction Continuum

• Ongoing development activities: Ongoing DRM aspects in different development programs.

• Risk assessment: diagnostic process to identify the risks that a community faces.

• Prevention: activities to avoid the adverse impact hazards.

• Mitigation: structural/non-structural measures undertaken to limit the adverse impact.

• Preparedness: activities and measures taken in advance to ensure effective response.

• Early warning: provision of timely and effective information to avoid or reduce risk.

Immediate Disaster Response:

• Evacuation: temporary mass departure of people and property from threatened locations.

• Saving people and livelihoods: protection of people and livelihoods during emergency.

• Immediate assistance: provision of assistance during or immediately after disaster.

• Assessing damage and loss - information about impact on assets and loss to production.

Post Disaster to Continuum

• Ongoing assistance: continued assistance until a certain level of recovery

• Recovery: actions taken after a disaster with a view to restoring infrastructure and services.

• Reconstruction: actions taken after a disaster to ensure resettlement

• Economic and social recovery: measures taken to normalize the economy and societal living.

• Ongoing development activities: continued actions of development programs.

• Risk assessment: diagnostic process to identify new risks that communities may again face.

Community-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

is defined as "a process in which at-risk communities are actively engaged in the identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring and evaluation of disaster risks in order to reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities.

Emergency Planning and Management

1. Mitigation

2. Preparedness

3. Response

4. Recovery

5. Continuity

Mitigation

efforts to reduce the effects or risks associated with hazards.

Preparedness

action taken prior to an emergency to facilitate response and promote readiness

Response

action taken during an emergency to save lives, property and the environment.

Continuity

actions taken to protect the campus mission from disruption. I influences all four planning phases of Emergency Management.

Survival Kit and Materials

A very important aspect of emergency planning is preparing and organizing a survival kit.This is a "package" of tools and materials that are needed and ready for use in times of disaster. The following image summarizes the tools and materials that should be included in a 72-Hour Survival Kit.

72-Hour Survival Kit

1. Food

1. Clothing

2. Communications

3. Documents

4. Medicines

5. Other Essential Needs

6. Emergency Money