sobbing

Green Sea Turtle

The Green Sea Turtle is the largest of the sea turtles at up to 700 lbs. Unlike most sea turtles, adult Green Sea Turtles are almost exclusively herbivorous, while juveniles will eat invertebrates like jellyfish and crabs.

Spotted Porcupinefish

While porcupinefishes are sometimes referred to as pufferfish, they are actually in the family Diodontidae along with burrfishes, while the true pufferfishes are in the family (Tetraodontidae). All these species are known for dramatically increasing their size by taking in air or water. In Porcupinefish, this results in the extension of sharp spines. Some species are also poisonous, accumulating toxins in their internal organisms from bacteria in their diet

Pink Flapjack Octopus

The Pink Flapjack Octopus is actually a deep water octopus, living in depths of 500-1,500 m. Sadly, Pearl would not be able to survive in the surface waters of the Great Barrier Reef

Moorish Idol

The Moorish Idol is the only living species of their family (Zanclidae). They are native to Pacific and Indian Ocean coral reef ecosystems, and are famous for being extremely difficult to keep in aquariums - P. Sherman must be a very accomplished aquarist.

Royal Gramma

The Royal Gramma is a common reef fish that feeds primarily on plankton, but has been known to clean parasites off other fish. They are a peaceful fish that is often kept in aquariums for that reason

Types of tides

...

Waves

...

Coriolis effect

deflection of earths winds and currents by the earths rotations

SONAR

sound navigation and ranging

Salinity

total amount of dissolved materials in water

CTD

measures conductivity, temperature and depth

Niskin Bottle

collects water at different depths, and oxygen sensor

d. all of these answers

Which of the following methods can be used to determine salinity?

a. refraction

b. conductivity

c. density/specific gravity

d. all of these answers

c. 200-400 m

We typically think of water as being transparent, but water absorbs light. As a result, there is little or no light from the sun at depths greater than

a. 100-200 m

b. 200-400 m

c. 200-700 m

d. 700-1,000 m

Surface tension

One manifestation of the properties of water is the unique environment that exists at the air-water interface. It allows the formation of a unique assemblage of organisms at this point. The phenomenon responsible for this unique environment is called

a. surface tension

b. hydrogen bonding

c. cohesion

d. the Darwin Effect

d. the Coriolis Effect

The effect of Earth's rotation on any mass moving across its surface is known as

a. centrifugal force

b. centripetal force

c. the Eckman Spiral

d. the Coriolis Effect

4 major divisions of oceans

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic

% water in northern hemisphere

61%

% water in southern hemisphere

80%

% salt water oceans

71%

what is salt water essential for

regulating global temperature, and climate

neritic zone

- warm

- nutrient rich water

- extend to edge of continental shelf

- contains 90% of marine wildlife

oceanic zone

all waters beyond continental shelf

properties of water

high surface tension

high conduction of heat

low viscosity

universal solvent

what % sea water is pure water

96.5%

global average salinity

34.7 ppt

dissolved solids in sea water (4)

chloride

sodium

sulfate

magnesium

bathymetry

measure of ocean depths and charting of the shape, topography of the ocean floor

early ocean depths determining method

long line dropped from a boat, weighted line called a sounding line

continental shelf

underwater extension from continent

continental slope

abrupt steepening after continental shelf

abyssal plain

deep, flat, sediment covered bottom of the ocean

trenches

deep troughs in abyssal plain

seamounts

isolated underwater mountains

surface currents

currents driven by wind

deep currents

driven by density differences

Gyers

giant circles of moving water

wavelength

length crest-to-crest or trough-to-trough

period

time one complete wave to pass a point

wave speed

wavelength/period

breakers

waves that topple over themselves

tides

predictable rise and fall of sea over a given time interval

Why tides occur

gravitational attraction of sun and moon on earth

diurnal tides

single low and single high tide per day

semidiurnal

two high tides, two low tides per day

mixed tides

when you have semidiurnal and diurnal tides

range

difference between levels of high and low tide

spring tides

large tides, occur during full and new moon

neap tide

occur during first and third quarter, smaller than normal

how salty is the ocean

3.5%

how thick do sediments get in the ocean

1200 feet thick

4 common elements in sea water

oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine, sodium

\# of different elements found in ocean

61

apogee

moon further away from earth

perigee

moon closer to earth