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Green Sea Turtle
The Green Sea Turtle is the largest of the sea turtles at up to 700 lbs. Unlike most sea turtles, adult Green Sea Turtles are almost exclusively herbivorous, while juveniles will eat invertebrates like jellyfish and crabs.
Spotted Porcupinefish
While porcupinefishes are sometimes referred to as pufferfish, they are actually in the family Diodontidae along with burrfishes, while the true pufferfishes are in the family (Tetraodontidae). All these species are known for dramatically increasing their size by taking in air or water. In Porcupinefish, this results in the extension of sharp spines. Some species are also poisonous, accumulating toxins in their internal organisms from bacteria in their diet
Pink Flapjack Octopus
The Pink Flapjack Octopus is actually a deep water octopus, living in depths of 500-1,500 m. Sadly, Pearl would not be able to survive in the surface waters of the Great Barrier Reef
Moorish Idol
The Moorish Idol is the only living species of their family (Zanclidae). They are native to Pacific and Indian Ocean coral reef ecosystems, and are famous for being extremely difficult to keep in aquariums - P. Sherman must be a very accomplished aquarist.
Royal Gramma
The Royal Gramma is a common reef fish that feeds primarily on plankton, but has been known to clean parasites off other fish. They are a peaceful fish that is often kept in aquariums for that reason
Types of tides
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Waves
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Coriolis effect
deflection of earths winds and currents by the earths rotations
SONAR
sound navigation and ranging
Salinity
total amount of dissolved materials in water
CTD
measures conductivity, temperature and depth
Niskin Bottle
collects water at different depths, and oxygen sensor
d. all of these answers
Which of the following methods can be used to determine salinity?
a. refraction
b. conductivity
c. density/specific gravity
d. all of these answers
c. 200-400 m
We typically think of water as being transparent, but water absorbs light. As a result, there is little or no light from the sun at depths greater than
a. 100-200 m
b. 200-400 m
c. 200-700 m
d. 700-1,000 m
Surface tension
One manifestation of the properties of water is the unique environment that exists at the air-water interface. It allows the formation of a unique assemblage of organisms at this point. The phenomenon responsible for this unique environment is called
a. surface tension
b. hydrogen bonding
c. cohesion
d. the Darwin Effect
d. the Coriolis Effect
The effect of Earth's rotation on any mass moving across its surface is known as
a. centrifugal force
b. centripetal force
c. the Eckman Spiral
d. the Coriolis Effect
4 major divisions of oceans
Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic
% water in northern hemisphere
61%
% water in southern hemisphere
80%
% salt water oceans
71%
what is salt water essential for
regulating global temperature, and climate
neritic zone
warm
nutrient rich water
extend to edge of continental shelf
contains 90% of marine wildlife
oceanic zone
all waters beyond continental shelf
properties of water
high surface tension
high conduction of heat
low viscosity
universal solvent
what % sea water is pure water
96.5%
global average salinity
34.7 ppt
dissolved solids in sea water (4)
chloride
sodium
sulfate
magnesium
bathymetry
measure of ocean depths and charting of the shape, topography of the ocean floor
early ocean depths determining method
long line dropped from a boat, weighted line called a sounding line
continental shelf
underwater extension from continent
continental slope
abrupt steepening after continental shelf
abyssal plain
deep, flat, sediment covered bottom of the ocean
trenches
deep troughs in abyssal plain
seamounts
isolated underwater mountains
surface currents
currents driven by wind
deep currents
driven by density differences
Gyers
giant circles of moving water
wavelength
length crest-to-crest or trough-to-trough
period
time one complete wave to pass a point
wave speed
wavelength/period
breakers
waves that topple over themselves
tides
predictable rise and fall of sea over a given time interval
Why tides occur
gravitational attraction of sun and moon on earth
diurnal tides
single low and single high tide per day
semidiurnal
two high tides, two low tides per day
mixed tides
when you have semidiurnal and diurnal tides
range
difference between levels of high and low tide
spring tides
large tides, occur during full and new moon
neap tide
occur during first and third quarter, smaller than normal
how salty is the ocean
3.5%
how thick do sediments get in the ocean
1200 feet thick
4 common elements in sea water
oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine, sodium
# of different elements found in ocean
61
apogee
moon further away from earth
perigee
moon closer to earth
Note