vocab and founding fathers

parts of the DOI

• Preamble

• declaration of rights

• the grievances or bill of indictment

  • denounciation of british peole

• statement of independence

  • pledges

• Signatures: Jefferson, franklin, stockton, shermen, both Adams, Handcock

Committee of Five

work on DOI, though Jefferson did like everything

• Thomas Jefferson

• John Adams

• ben Franklin

• Robert R Livingston

• Roger Shermen

endow

provide freely or naturaly bequeath or bestow

Prudence

good judgement (use of reasoning when deciding )

transient

passing quicckly into and out of existance

usurpation

to undermine of infringe upon someone’s rights, take by force

unalienable

that which can not be given or taken away

evince

to reveal the presence of/give expression to/indicate/be evidence of

formidable

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

abdicate

to give up duties, power, or obligation

perfidy

betrayal of trust, decietful and untrustworthy

conjure

to summon into action or bring into existence, to implore someone to do something

consanguinity

brotherhood, related by blood

acquiesce

agree or express agreeement without protest

rectitude

moral integrety

solemly

formally or in a dignified manner with deep sincerity

levy

impose or collect

candid

openly without secrecy, direct, unbaised

emigration

to permenantly leave somewhere and take up residence somewhere else

magnanimity

nobility and generosity or spirit

redress

to make reparations of amends for

absolved

to set or declare freedom from responsibility. Grant remission of sin.

in 1975 how many years was our democracy going strong

200

In general, our democracy has been going on longer than

any other democracy in the entire world

most of the founding fathers were

men of property or very rich; men of achievement

the founding fathers recognized the

importance of law and of limited power in the government, the ultimate power of the state should not be in any man or body but in a body of laws constitution

kings and queens back then

had absolute power; had the power over life and death of their subjects. Disobeying them was like disobeying god.

steps the founding fathers took

fought for independence, created a system of government, made it work themselves and taking on the hard roles

There is no

definitive listing of the founding fathers. However we normally include people who signed the DOI and constitution but people like patrick henry, mason, and marshall are recognized and some who signed did not really do much for our independence

people who are considered the founding fathers, what ideals did they have

those who conceived and promoted the idea of independence, think in temrs of a single new nation and created a unique governmental system.

we were the first

federal democracy in the world

Who has been there since day 1

washington, adams, jefferson, madison, franklin, and hamilton; 4 of the 6 were presidents

issues with all the men

• washington- hungry for land

• hancock- vain

• hamilton-ambitions

• adams-quarlson

• jefferson- vindictive

• henry- tyrannical

Constitution

carefullly balanced, seperate but equal brances based on the assummption that office tends to missuse power so no one should have too much

Bill of rights

men and government missuse power so we must be protected from both

what states did not believe in all men having unaliable rights

georgia adn carolinas

who were the first amoung southernrers to publically denounce slavery

Jefferson and george mason

slavery can also be refrenced as

peculiar institution

1808

outlawed the importation of slaves; people couldnt pass much because other states would not join us

When was the Philadelphia Convention

1787; all eyes are on them-Mason and everyone is expecting something-Madison

Declaration of Independence was signed

July 4th 1776

Where was the DOI signed

PA state house or Independence Hall

Tomas Jefferson deep dive

• Born April 13th, 1743 in Virginia to a wealthy family

• Well educated at the college of William and Mary

• Eloquent correspondent but terrible public speaker

• “silent member of congress”

• unanimously chosen by the committee of 5 to write DOI, Franklin and Adams editied it first

  • orininally included slavery as “another continent who did nothing

  • the issue is independence not emancipation

• Sally Hemmings: one of Jefferson’s slaves who’s children had Jefferson DNA in it. Could have been him, his cousin, or his brother

April 12th 1776

North Carolina produces the Halifax Resolves. the first british colony to officially authorize its delegates to vote for indepensence

June 7, 1776

Richard Henry Lee of VA proposes a resolution calling for a DOI so the group of 5 begins work

June 12, 1776

VA declaration of rights by George Mason is adopted by VA convention of delegates

• Natural rights: bill of rights specifically protecting people’s freedom

• power is derived from the people (paine)

• The right to change the government (presidential terms/elections)

July 1776

There were so many DOI among towns, cities, colonies, counties

who was the audience of the DOI

british, americans, George III, the world

the declaration of independence is

the justification for freedom, it is the heart and soul of our nation

When the DOI was sent to George 3

It only had Handcock and Charles Tomson’s dsignatures

• President and secretary of contenential congress

• More people did not sign because that is treason lol

significance of DOI

• rebellion is a battle for independence

• encouraged new nations

• first step in creating our new nation

• republicanism is the dominant form of government

Locke vs Hobbes

Locke

• Government answers to the people

• People were born free and equal

• Government protected rights already had in the state of nature

• people are inherently good

• 1700s

Hobbes

• Put feeling and thoughts aside and abide by the government for protection

• People pledged to obey the ruler whose laws and authority controlled their basic violence and passion

• owed obedience and did not have the right to overthrow

• people are inherently bad

• state of nature was one of perpetual war and conflict

• 1600s

Reverend John Boucher

• They conservative guy who believed that “obedience to the government is every man’s duty”

• Hobbian POV.

• Had to preach with loaded pistols across the pulpit

• fled back to England of Sep 1775

According to the DOI, when people are governed under absolute Despotism

it is their right and duty to throw off such a government

State of nature

what people were like before they were restrained by government, rules, or law.

modern day hobbesians

believe that people are basically evil and must be controlled by a strong government (toltarian regimes). Favor harsh punishments for those who break the rules.

modern day locke followers

people are good and should be led by mild and fair governments. Oppose harsh punishments and stress the need for reform and change in government and society. Permit protest

jefferson believed and incorperated into the DOI more of who’s ideas?

Locke

H v L State of nature

H: it is impossible to produce things becuase the outcome is uncertain

L: people are in perfect freedom they do what they want as they see fit. Equality

H v L Social Contract

H: Unite under one government and need to fear to force into submissions. Laws without punishments are but words (sword analogy)

L: Government is there to protect property

H v L The right to rebel

H: can not get new king unless they die. Even then, it goes to the next of kin. Without them, chaos would insue (meaning state of nature was re-instated). Thomas Paine wrote about this issue in Common sense

L: When lawmakers surpass the rules of society, they give up the power given to them by the people. The power is returned to hte people and it is their job to rectify it.