hgap unit 3

What is material culture?

Physical objects or artifacts that hold meaning, like tools, clothes, or buildings

What is non-material culture?

Ideas or beliefs, like values, customs, or language

Name three material cultural parts of a Japanese tea ceremony.

The tea, tea utensils, and tea room

Name three non-material cultural parts of a Japanese tea ceremony.

How people greet, hold the bowl, and follow rules of the ceremony

What is a subculture?

A smaller group in society with different beliefs and practices

What is the modern culture?

focuses on individuals and change

What does folk culture do

values community and tradition

What is indigenous culture?

A traditional culture tied to a place, often with ancestral land and community focus

Why do folk and indigenous cultures resist modern tech?

Because modern tech spreads modern culture, which can replace traditional ones

What is ethnocentrism?

Judging other cultures by your own culture’s standards

What is cultural relativism?

Judging a culture by its own standards

What is a cultural landscape?

Human changes to nature, like buildings, farms, and religious structures

What is traditional architecture?

Uses local materials and reflects local culture

What is modern architecture?

Focuses on function, not local culture

What is postmodern architecture?

Mixes styles and includes local culture

What is sequent occupance?

Layers of different cultures shaping a place over time

How can you tell if a place has traditional gender roles?

By the layout and facilities that reflect gender-based needs

What is the built environment?

Human-made surroundings like roads, buildings, and parks

What is a sense of place?

The strong connection someone feels to a location

What causes a sense of place?

Shared experiences, food, architecture, traditions, and history

What is placelessness?

When a place feels generic and not special

How does placemaking help sense of place?

It creates memories through shared community spaces

What happens to local culture with global culture in cities?

It becomes more similar, losing unique traits

Give an example of language showing sense of place.

Local signs, slang, and dialects

Give an example of religion showing sense of place.

Mosques or churches affecting building style and customs

What is a centripetal forces?

unites people

What is a centripetal and centrifugal forces?

divides them

Define diffusion.

The spread of culture or ideas from one place to another

What is relocation diffusion?

When people move and bring culture with them

What is expansion diffusion?

When ideas spread while staying strong at the origin

What is contagious diffusion?

Rapid, widespread spread without regard for status

What is hierarchical diffusion?

Spread through a system of power or influence

What is reverse hierarchical diffusion?

Starts in rural areas and moves up to cities

What is stimulus diffusion?

Idea spreads but is changed to fit local culture

What is a hearth?

The origin of a cultural trait or idea

What is a lingua franca?

A common language used between people who speak different native languages

Why is English a lingua franca?

The British Empire spread it globally

What is creolization?

When two cultures mix to form a new one

Name two effects of the Columbian Exchange.

Shared new foods and brought diseases to the Americas

Name three historical causes of diffusion.

Colonization, Silk Road, and the Triangular Trade

What is a diaspora?

When people are forced to leave and spread their culture

What is time-space convergence?

Technology reduces the time it takes to connect with distant places

How does globalization affect culture?

It spreads global culture and can replace folk culture

How does media affect culture?

It spreads trends and ideas quickly

How does politics affect culture?

Laws can either help or limit cultural spread

How does economics affect culture?

Wealthy countries tend to have similar mass cultures

How does society change culture?

Some cultural traits become more common and shape communities

How does the military spread culture?

Bases around the world bring back local customs and ideas

What is cultural divergence?

When a culture splits or loses traits

What is cultural convergence?

When cultures grow more alike through contact

What are universalizing religions?

Religions that try to spread to everyone

Name 4 universalizing religions.

Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Sikhism

What are ethnic religions?

Religions tied to one group or place, and don’t try to spread