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Coulomb's Law

A law that states the force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Gauss Law

A law stating that the electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the charge enclosed by that surface.

Electric Field

A region around a charged object where other charged objects experience a force.

Electric Dipole

A pair of equal and opposite charges separated by a distance.

Electric Flux

A measure of the quantity of electric field passing through a given area.

Quantisation of Charge

The principle that charge exists in discrete amounts, represented by the equation Q = Ne where N is an integer and e is the elementary charge.

Conduction Charging

Charging an object by direct contact with another charged object.

Insulators

Materials with tightly bound outermost electrons, preventing the flow of electric current.

Conductors

Materials with loosely bound outermost electrons, allowing electric current to flow freely.

Semiconductors

Materials that have properties between conductors and insulators, containing free electrons in small amounts.

Total Charge Conservation

The principle that the total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant.

Transferability of Charge

The ability of electric charge to move from one body to another, commonly through electron transfer.

Interaction between Charges

The phenomenon where like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other.

Invariance of Charge

The property that the amount of charge on a particle remains constant regardless of its state.

SI Unit of Charge

Coulomb, defined as the amount of charge that passes through a conductor carrying one ampere of current in one second.

Practical Unit of Charge

Examples include ampere-hour and faraday, where faraday represents the charge on one mole of electrons.

Field Lines

Imaginary lines used to represent electric fields, indicating the direction and strength of the field.

Electric Force

The force experienced by a charge in an electric field, described by Coulomb's law.

Electric Potential

The amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field.

Charge Types

There are two types of electric charge: positive and negative.