WPA Handshake

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4 Terms

1
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Step 1: AP → STA

  • AP sends ANonce (a random number) to the client

  • Includes its MAC address and security capabilities

  • Purpose: Initiate key generation and prove AP is alive

2
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Step 2: STA → AP

  • STA generates SNonce and derives the PTK using:

    • PMK

    • ANonce (from AP)

    • SNonce (from STA)

    • MAC addresses of both AP and STA

  • Sends SNonce and a MIC (calculated using PTK) to AP

  • Purpose: Prove STA knows PMK and begin mutual key agreement

3
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Step 3: AP → STA

  • AP verifies MIC from STA (authenticity check)

  • AP derives PTK using same inputs

  • AP sends:

    • GTK (encrypted using PTK)

    • Installation instructions for keys

    • Another MIC

  • Purpose: Distribute broadcast key and finalize key setup

4
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Step 4: STA → AP

  • STA verifies MIC and installs keys

  • Sends final acknowledgment to AP

  • Purpose: Confirm successful key installation