Post-industrial Britain

Agrarian revolution

movement of workers away from countryside to find work in city

Industrial revolution

more industry work
better wages for lower class
development of railways

Urban revolution

huge rise in population, especially in cities

Amateurism

not paid to pay
upper and middle class

Professionalism

paid to play
lower class who excelled in sport

What effects did being paid in sport have? - lower class and pros v amateurs

amateurs and pros often played on same team
lower class made to change in different rooms
working men paid extra as they missed work

Social class post 1850

middle class introduced
more time to be involved in sport
many went to public schools

Middle class

those who were professionals, factory owners but did not own large estates
lower class who worked way up

Gender post 1850

no education for women
lack of work for women, only teachers

Late 19th century - women

women started to work more
fight for equal rights, right to work, education and vote

Lawn tennis

game deemed as acceptable for women
appropriate dresses, private gardens
only middle class played

Lottie Dodd

won Wimbledon in 1887 at 15
one of first female role models in sport

Law and order post 1850

upper and middle class developed laws
cock fighting and mob games eliminated

Education and literacy post 1850

lower class no education as it would mean less time working
middle and upper class gained education

Education Act 1870

increased number of elementary schools nationwide

1891 Education Act

education became free
meant more lower class families sent kids to school
learned how to read, able to understand upper and middle class sports

post 1850 factory owners and players

factory owners tried to stop their players from getting paid at first
figured out that sport made them healthy and loyal

Availability of time and money post 1850s

lower class worked 72 hours for little money
Saturday half day introduced
by 1965 working hours 42

Transport post 1850s

development of railways, bikes, roads
allowed teams to travel to games

Effect of transport on spectators

bigger crowds

Effect of transport on teams

players moved to live and play with better teams

Effect of transport on tours

teams could now tour country and play more teams

Influence of public schools

middle, upper class boys - exclusive
boarding schools
influenced development of rule and sport governing bodies

Characteristic of public schools

expensive, boarding, boys only, harsh and strict

Thomas Arnold

headteacher at rugby
wanted to develop moral christian gentleman
promoted sports, removed fagging system

How Thomas Arnold influenced sport?

developed house systems, sports prefects and athleticism

Athleticism

development of character through sport
sportsmanship, trying hard, truthful

Development of football

Rugby school rules- football with hands
Eton rules - football no hands
students went to diff unis then Cambridge created universal rules

Structure of sport

Wednesday afternoons allocated for sport
taught boys teamwork, discipline

Explain how the cult of athleticism in 19th century public schools impacted on the development of sport

helped develop structure of sport
NGB formed like FA
development of leagues
inter school comps