3 Tax accounting - (english for accounting; career paths 14)

value-added tax (VAT)

A tax added to the price of goods and services at each stage of production or sale. податок на додану вартість (ПДВ)

IRS

The Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. government agency that collects taxes. Податкова служба США

specialize

To focus on a particular subject, activity, or area of work. спеціалізуватися

excise tax

A tax on specific goods such as alcohol, tobacco, or fuel. акцизний податок

tax forms

Official documents used to report income and calculate taxes. податкові декларації; податкові форми

corporate tax

A tax that companies pay on their profits. податок на прибуток підприємств

property tax

A tax paid on the value of land or buildings you own. податок на нерухомість

file (a tax return)

To officially submit tax documents to the tax authorities. подавати податкову декларацію

sales tax

A tax added to the price of goods and services when they are sold. податок з продажу

inheritance tax

A tax paid on money or property received from someone who has died. податок на спадщину

scrap value

The value of an asset when it is sold as scrap or at the end of its useful life. ліквідаційна вартість; вартість металобрухту

straight-line method

A depreciation method that spreads an asset's cost evenly over its useful life. прямолінійний метод амортизації

declining balance method

A depreciation method that records higher depreciation in the early years and less in later years. метод зменшуваного залишку

sum-of-the-years'-digits method

A depreciation method that accelerates depreciation using the sum of an asset's useful years. метод суми цифр років експлуатації

units-of-production method

A depreciation method based on how much an asset is used or produces. метод амортизації за обсягом виробництва

hours-of-use method

A depreciation method based on the number of hours an asset is used. метод амортизації за годинами використання

provision for income tax

An amount of money set aside in the accounts to cover the income tax a company expects to pay. резерв на сплату податку на прибуток

deferred income tax balances

Amounts that represent future tax payments or tax savings caused by temporary differences between accounting and tax rules. залишки відстроченого податку на прибуток

interim

Temporary; intended to be used until something permanent is available. тимчасовий; проміжний

accelerated

Happening faster than usual; increased in speed.прискорений

acquisition

The act of buying or obtaining something, especially a company or asset. придбання; набуття

fine

An amount of money that must be paid as a punishment for breaking a law or rule. штраф

justify

To show or prove that something is reasonable, necessary, or correct. обґрунтовувати; виправдовувати