Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Unit Final Exam

The Final Exam for Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology, the second unit in the course Animal Anatomy and Physiology 1 at Penn Foster College

Tendons and ligaments are primarily made of what type of extracellular fibers?

Collagenous fiber

Two neighboring epithelial cells have a channel between them that allows ions to flow from one cell's cytoplasm to the other cell's cytoplasm. What type of attachment do these cells exhibit?

Gap junction

Which order do rabbits and hares belong to?

Lagomorpha

Two adjacent epithelial cells are cemented together via a thickened area in the plasma of the cell membrane. What type of junction do these cells exhibit?

Desmosome

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals?

Diaphragm

Which pH value is considered neutral?

7.0

Studying all the organs in an animal's chest is an example of a __________ approach to anatomy/

regional

Where's the dorsal fin on a fish located?

On its back

Ligaments called mesenteries, formed from __________membranes, function to support internal organs.

serous

Which statement best describes the location of an animal's femur to the skin that covers the femur?

The femur is deep to the skin

The first step of the inflammatory process is __________

vasoconstriction

Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?

Skeletal

The word that means "toward the nose" is __________

rostral

Which statement best describes the relationship between the distal sesamoid bone and the proximal sesamoid bone, both in the same equine leg?

The distal sesamoid bone is closer to the hoof than the proximal sesamoid bone

The maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium in the body, adjusting to changes in the environment, is called __________

homeostasis

The type of wound healing that occurs when a wound is sutured following surgery is __________ healing/

first-intention

What's the function of granulation tissue?

Protect an injures area of the body until the wound is closed

Which plane of reference would always divide a four-legged animal into two equal halves that are mirror images of each other?

Median

Where's the peritoneum located?

Abdomen

Leukocytes are recruited to connective tissues when they're needed and can leave when they're not needed. Leukocytes are part of what component of connective tissues?

Transient cells

A branch of anatomy, __________ studies the microscopic structures of tissues.

histology

Which tissue type is made of cells embedded in a nonliving matrix?

Connective

A single layer of epithelial cells is classified as __________

simple epithelium

A hypotonic crystalloid fluid has a/an __________ osmolality compared to blood.

lower

Chondrocytes are the cells that make up what substance?

Cartilage

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic tissue types?

Squamous tissue

Which of the following lists describes different cell shapes?

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Epithelial cells are __________, which means that they lack blood vessels or capillaries, and instead, the connective tissue around them provide any nutrients that they need.

avascular

The study of how cells produce proteins would fall within the field of __________

physiology

An animal's large intestine is __________ to its esophagus

aborad

Which of the following structures would would have the highest proportion of elastic fibers?

Vocal cords

Which plane of reference would divide an animal into two parts, on with its belly and one with its back?

Dorsal