Respiratory Drug Delivery, Antitussives, Antihistamines

what are the primary delivery options for respiratory meds?

metered dose inhalers

nebulizers

dry powder inhaler

inhalant technique for MDI’s

push down fully on cartridge, inhale deep as possible

Nebulizers are administered over ~15-20 mins allowing for

smaller particles to get into airway

what drugs are used for respiratory tract irritation & secretion?

antitussives, antihistamines, decongestants, mucolytics/expectorants

what are the classic antitussives that work by suppressing cough reflex at brainstem? (often combined w/ decongestants)

opioids (codeine, dextromethorphan, hydrocodone)

what other antitussive has an anesthetic effect on vagal nerve endings in airway?

benzonatate (↓ effects of irritation that starts cough reflex)

primary problems w/ antitussives

sedation, dizziness, & GI upset

rehab concerns w/ antitussives

overuse, dependence, may limit productive cough, effectiveness

use of cough medications in children is not recommended by the

American College of Chest Physicians (no relief, potential adverse reactions)

antihistamines MOI

block H1 receptor

↓ effects on upper respiratory tract

why are non-sedating antihistamines non-sedating?

they don’t cross the blood brain barrier easily

primary problems/rehab concerns of antihistamines

sedation, fatigue, lack of coordination, blurred vision, dry out respiratory tract