Parasitology Exam 3

Helminths are part of what kingdom?

animalia

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) and Aschelminths are classified as a?

phylum

Helminths Phylum Platyhelminthes contain what classes?

Cestodes/tapeworms and Trematodes/Flukes

Phylum Aschelminths contain what classes?

Nematodes/roundworms

Nematodes/roundworms contain what type of parasites

Hookworms ,Tissue Roundworm , and Filarial worms are roundworms of blood and tissue

How humans become infected by Helminths?

humans ingest the eggs of larvae or penetration of the larvae of the skin.

What does worm burden mean?

symptoms of the helminth can either be Asymptomatic or Symptomatic depending on the number of worm present

What is the infective stage of a hookworm

Filariform larvae

What is the first stage of a hookworm is called?

rhabditiform larvae?

What is another name for nematodes?

Roundworms

What is the common name for Enterobius vermicularis?

Pinworms

What is the common name for Trichinella spiralis?

Trichina worm

What is the common name for Strongyloides stercoralis?

Threadworm

What is the common name for Trichuris trichiura?

Whipworm

What is the common name for Ancylostoma duodenale?

Old world hookworm

What is the common name for Ascaris lumbricoides.?

large intestinal roundworm

What is the common name for Necator americanus?

New world hookworm

What is the common name for Dracunculus medinensis?

Guinea worm

What are the three ways a human can be infected with Strongyloides stercoralis?

Direct , Indirect , and Auto infection

What is the direct infection of Strongyloides stercoralis?

penetration of of the Filariform larvae through skin

What is the the indirect infection of Strongyloides stercoralis?

•The rhabditiform larvae passed in the feces

•Develop in the soil into free-living male and female adults that are non-parasitic

•These adults produce eggs that develop into rhabditiform that mature into filariform

•These filariform may initiate a new indirect cycle or become the infective stage

Which WBC cell type are nematodes are associated with

Eosinophils

What structures are present in the buccal capsule?

hooks, teeth and, cutting plate

depending on what is in the the buccal capsule is how we identify them.

N. americanus has what in the buccal capsule?

flat tetrad teeth

A duodenale has

Four pointed teeth

Where are microfilariae found in the human body?

tissue or peripheral blood smear?

What is the common name for Brugia malayi

Malayan filaria

What is the common name for Onchocerca volvulus

Blinding filaria

What is the common name for Wuchereria bancrofti

Bancroft's filaria

What is the common name for Loa Loa

African Eyeworm

What is the vector is for filarial worms

Insects, mosquitos or flies

What is the vector is for Loa Loa

Mango or deer fly

What parasite causes river blindness

Onchocerca volvulus

What parasite causes cysticercosis

Taenia solium

Which worm is the dwarf tapeworm

Hymenolepis Nana

Where does the adult cestode lives in the body

the intestines

What is the anterior end of a cestode is called

Scolex

What is the entire body of the cestode is called

Strobila

What are the individual segments of the tapeworm are called

proglottids

What is the structure of the scolex used for attachment is called

Rostellum

The eggs of tapeworms are released from where?

Gravid proglottids

What is the structure inside the developing egg is called

Hexacanth embryo

What is the size range for cestode's

from a few millimeters to several meters (15-20 meters)

What is the common name for Taenia saginata

Beef tapeworm

What animal(stage) do humans ingest to get Taenia solium

Cysticercosis

What is the common name for Taenia solium

Pork tapeworm

Can Hymenolepsis nana can have auto-infective live cycle or not

yes

How many uterine branches are in mature proglottids of Taenia saginata

15-20

How many uterine branches are in mature proglottids of Taenia solium

7-13

What is the common name of Diphyllobothrum latum

Broad fish tapeworm or Fish tapeworm

What do all flukes require?

snail as the definitive host

How does Digenea infect humans?

Digenea referring to flukes, they infect humans by ingesting metacercariae

Stages of Flukes: eggs

discharged either in open water or in intestine of definitive host

Stages of Flukes: Miracidia

(first larval stage) free-living motile form, covered with cilia, which settles in the mollusc to become a sporocyst

Stages of Flukes: Sporocyst

an elongated sac that produces either redial generations or more sporocysts.

Stages of Flukes: Redial generations

a larval form with an oral sucker, it will produce either more redial generations, or cercariae

Stages of Flukes: Cercariae

final larvae stage that will emerge from the snail, finds and settles in the host becomes the Metacercariae

Stages of Flukes: Metacercariae

encysted and resting Cercariae

Stages of Flukes: adult

excysted metacercariae than they fully mature

Common name for Fasciolopsis buski

Giant intestinal fluke

Common name for fasciola hepatica

Sheep liver fluke

Common name for clonorchis sinensis

Chinese liver fluke

Common name for paragonimus westermani

Oriental lung fluke

Which parasites are considered blood flukes?

Schistosoma mansoni,

Schistosoma japonicum,

Schistosoma haematobium

Which parasites causes swimmer's itch

Schistosoma

What Acetabula structures are in flukes

Two cup-shaped muscular suckers

Which fluke can be diagnosed by eggs in sputum

Paragonimus westermani