Electrolytes pt 1

The purpose of body fluids includes __________ nutrients and oxygen-rich blood to tissues and carrying away waste products.

Delivering

In newborns, the water content is approximately __________ of body weight.

80%

The most common electrolyte in the intracellular compartment (ICF) is __________.

Potassium (K+)

The plasma/intravascular space accounts for __________ of extracellular fluid (ECF).

25%

Isotonic solutions have a normal __________ concentration inside and outside the cell.

sodium

During osmosis, water moves from __________ to high solute concentration.

low

The sodium-potassium pump transports sodium (Na+) __________ the cell and potassium (K+) __________ the cell.

out of, into

Hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of capillaries pushes __________ to tissues and cells.

oxygen-rich blood

The thirst mechanism is triggered by high solute concentration which stimulates __________ in the brain.

osmoreceptors

In SIADH, too much __________ is released causing water retention.

ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone)

Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by decreased __________ secretion leading to excessive water excretion.

ADH

The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) responds to __________ blood volume or pressure.

decreased

The __________ hormone is released by the heart when there is too much volume, leading to vasodilation.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Hormone (ANP)

Signs of isotonic volume deficit (dehydration) include __________, low blood pressure, and weakness.

tachycardia

Isotonic solutions include Normal Saline, Lactated Ringers, and __________.

D5W

Fluid overload in isotonic volume excess leads to normal sodium levels but __________ water volume.

increased

Hypertonic fluid deficit is characterized by __________ sodium and low water in the blood vessel.

high

Hypotonic fluid excess involves __________ sodium and high water levels inside the blood vessels.

low

Localized edema is often due to __________ and inflammation.

injury

Increased __________ pressure can cause generalized edema and fluid shifts.

hydrostatic

Normal saline is the most common __________ used in emergencies like shock.

isotonic fluid

Hyponatremia is defined as a sodium level less than __________ mEq/L.

135

Symptoms of hyponatremia may include headaches, lethargy, and signs of __________ overload.

fluid

Hypernatremia is defined as a sodium level over __________ mEq/L.

145

CCalcium is primarily regulated by __________ hormone.

parathyroid

Hypocalcemia can cause __________ twitching or hyperreflexes.

muscle

Symptoms of hypercalcemia include muscle __________ and flank pain due to kidney stones.

weakness

Phosphorus levels are inversely related to __________ levels in the blood.

calcium

Magnesium plays a key role in muscle __________ and is essential for energy production.

contraction

Hypomagnesemia symptoms can resemble those of low __________ and low potassium.

calcium

Treatment for hypernatremia may involve administering hypotonic IV fluids to replace __________ without adding more salt.

fluid

ECG changes may show a peaked T wave in cases of __________.

hyperkalemia

Signs of hyperkalemia can include muscle cramping, weakness, and __________.

numbness

The normal range for potassium (K+) in the blood is __________ to 5 mEq/L.

3.5

In fluid balance assessment, __________ output and intake should be monitored closely.

urine

The relationship between calcium and phosphorus means that when calcium is absorbed, phosphorus is __________.

excreted

When glucose levels are high and ADH is less, kidneys are instructed to __________ water.

excrete

Fluids containing __________ should be used cautiously in patients with impaired heart or kidney function.

dextrose

Trousseau's sign is a positive indicator seen in cases of __________.

hypocalcemia

Patients experiencing generalized edema may also have __________ failure.

organ

Primary symptoms of hyperchloremia include rapid breathing or __________.

hyperventilation

A decrease in blood osmotic pressure often leads to __________ loss.

fluid

Fluid collects in compartments where it doesn't belong, known as __________.

third spacing

The primary cause of hyperphosphatemia is often __________ failure.

kidney

Fluid volume excess presents with increased __________ pressure.

blood

Hypokalemia can be caused by renal loss due to __________.

diuretics

When assessing for fluid deficits, monitor daily __________ for changes.

weights

Cardiac dysrhythmias can arise due to imbalances in __________ levels, particularly potassium.

electrolyte

The relationship between sodium and serum osmolality is that they are __________ the same.

always

Chloride levels often follow sodium levels due to their __________ relationship.

attracted

When fluid shifts occur due to hypernatremia, cells in the body may __________.

shrink

Fluid overload treatment may involve restricting sodium and __________.

fluids

When assessing dehydration, check for concentrated urine and __________ veins.

flat neck

Elevated BUN, hemoglobin, and hematocrit indicate __________ body fluid volume.

too little

A common treatment for hypomagnesemia is magnesium __________.

replacement

Administering dextrose with insulin can help correct high levels of __________ in the bloodstream.

potassium

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) can cause excessive __________ excretion due to low ADH.

water

ADH regulation causes kidneys to __________ water when low water content is detected.

reabsorb

A positive Chvostek's sign indicates potential issues with __________ levels.

calcium

To maintain women’s body fluid balance, fat and __________ play a crucial role.

estrogen

The average daily water loss is approximately __________ mL per day.

2400

Sodium (Na+) is the most prevalent electrolyte in the __________ compartment.

extracellular

Diagnosis of hyperkalemia requires monitoring of the patient's __________ levels.

potassium

Treatment for hypophosphatemia includes oral __________ supplements.

phosphate

Water balance in the body is maintained through mechanisms including thirst and __________ hormone regulation.

ADH

A high sodium level with low BUN may suggest a __________ fluid deficit.

hypertonic

Osmosis describes the movement of __________ toward higher solute concentrations.

water

Muscle cramps and fatigue can occur due to low levels of __________.

potassium

Too much ADH may signal __________ syndrome, leading to water retention.

Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone (SIADH)

Fluid shifts can lead to dehydration, cardiovascular symptoms, and __________.

neurological changes

The major function of sodium is to maintain __________ and fluid balance in the extracellular fluid.

osmotic pressure

Water follows __________ (sodium and chloride) to maintain balance in body fluids.

salt