History of Medicine

The ancient Greek called the "Father of Medicine"

Hippocrates

Renaissance artist that drew the human body

Leonardo da Vinci

Man that invented the microscope

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Who discovered roentgenograms (xrays)?

Wilhelm Roentgen

Penicillin was discovered by

Alexander Fleming

What primitive means of ways to eliminate illness and disease are still used today?

Herbs and plants

Name at least 3 primary issues facing health care today:

high costs, home health care, care for the elderly, telemedicine, education and preventing disease, complementary and alternative methods (CAM)

Name 4 pandemics and their causes

1930s bubonic plague killed 75% of Europeans and Asians, small pox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid and malaria

Name the act of 1987 that regulates the care and employees of long term care facilities and ensures patients' rights are granted.

Omnibus Budget Reconcilliation Act

Name the type of medical care that addresses the whole patient (biological, psychological, social, spiritual, and emotional) wellness?

Holistic treatment (may include Western meds and treatment and CAM therapies)

Name the 3 persons that shared the Novel peace prize in 1962 for discovering the structure of DNA?

Francis Crick, James Watson, and Maurice Wilkings

Name the founder of modern nursing

Florence Nightingale

What was thought to be the cause of illness in ancient times?

evil spirits and demons

Who were the first care givers, and where was that care given?

priests and monks in churches and convents

Which country was the first to record medical records?

ancient Egyptians

Who were the first to believe we needed to health the spirit and nourish the body in ancient times?

Chinese

What killed 75% of Europeans and Asians in the 1300?

bubonic plague

What period was known as the "rebirth of the science of medicine"?

Renaissance

During what centuries did we improve our knowledge of the human body, have the microscope invented, and see apothecaries (early pharmacies) begin?

16th, 17th, and 18th centuries (1500,1600 and 1700 AD)

What revolution aided the progress of medical science due to development of machines?

the industrial revolution

In the 1900 (the 20th century) what were 3 great events that took place?

x-rays, vaccines to prevent diseases, structure of DNA and gene therapy began and health care plans began, open heart surgery, computer technology

Who is dedicated to monitoring health problems world wide?

The WHO (World Health Organization)

Name a huge obstacle facing America related to health care and name a few causes:

Cost Containment (baby boomers, improved survival rates, health related lawsuits, technological advancements)

Name some of the methods used thus far to contain costs for health care:

DRG (diagnostic related groups) Combination of services, mass or bulk purchasing, prevention of disease and energy conservation

What area of health care expanded as outpatient services and early discharges increased?

Home Health Care

What may decrease costs by minimizing doctor visits?

Telemedicine (medicine by video and or audio distance sharing)

Define wellness

State of optimal health

Name at least 3 areas Holistic Health address in promoting wellness

Physical, emotional, social , mental and intellectual wellness, along with spiritual wellness

Name some of the CAM (Complementary and Alternative Method) specialists:

Chinese acupuncture, chiropractors, homeopaths, hypnotists, naturopaths

What branch of the NIH (National Institute of Health) was established in 1992 to research and establish standards for CAM?

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)

Name a disease that is currently killing hundreds in Africa and could become a pandemic (disease coving the world)?

Ebola

How does the US government plan to prevent pandemics?

education, vaccines, antiviral drugs, protective health measures and international cooperation.

If you plan to become a health care professional, what type of learning philosophy must you develop to continue to be current in your practice and explain why?

Life-long learning because health care has changed and will continue to change drastically in the 21 and 22 centuries (2000s, and 2100s).

Name some pandemics of the past that led to immunizations to prevent the diseases in our present days:

influenza (flu virus), H5N1 (avian flu virus) polio, diphtheria, malaria

Explain why viruses are the most evasive pathogens and most difficult to contain:

Viruses are the smallest pathogen and constantly mutate and change genetic information, making immunizations difficult to produce.

Who established the American Red Cross

Clara Barton

Why would geriatrics be a worthwhile, growing and profitable area of specialty in your life-time?

The baby boomers of the late 1940s and early 50's are entering this stage and will need more health care providers and health care systems than ever before in history.

Why was the invention of the microscope in 1666 and the stethoscope in 1819 so important?

They allowed researchers to hear inside the human body and see pathogens (germs) that were microscopic (that to be magnified greatly to be visible to the human eye).

Explain the difference between complementary, alternative and holistic approaches to medicine:

Complementary therapy is in addition to western medications and treatments. Alternative therapy is a naturalistic approach in place of traditional medicine, and holistic care may include all of these as long as it addresses the whole patient.