Information and Communication Technology Lecture Notes

A set of vocabulary flashcards summarizing key ICT terms and concepts from the lecture notes.

Information

Specific data acquired for a specific purpose.

Communication

The imparting and exchanging of information or news.

Technology

Systematic application of skill or art for practical purposes.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

The broad set of tools, devices, and applications used to create, store, transmit, and manipulate information.

Computer

An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data.

Computer Hardware

The physical components of a computer system.

Peripheral Device

External device used to input data into or output data from a computer.

Input Device

Hardware that sends data to a computer (e.g., mouse, keyboard, microphone).

Output Device

Hardware that conveys processed data to a user (e.g., monitor, printer, speakers).

Storage Device

Hardware that stores digital data (e.g., hard drive, flash drive, memory card).

Computer Software

Organized collections of data and instructions that tell hardware what to do.

Operating System (OS)

Software that manages computer hardware and provides common services for programs (e.g., Windows, macOS, Android).

Application Software

Programs used by users to accomplish specific tasks (e.g., word processors, web browsers).

Program

A list of instructions that tells a computer what to do.

ENIAC

The first fully functional electronic digital computer, built to calculate artillery tables.

ICT in Education

Use of internet, devices, and web applications (e.g., blogs, LCD projectors, email) to enhance learning.

ICT in Crime Prevention

Technologies such as CCTV, GPS, fingerprint scanners, and speed cameras used by law enforcement.

E-commerce

Buying and selling goods or services over the internet, including online payments and banking.

eHealth

Healthcare practices supported by electronic processes, including electronic health records and telemedicine.

Telemedicine

Remote diagnosis and treatment of patients via telecommunications technology.

mHealth (Mobile Health)

Medical and public-health practice supported by mobile devices.

Digital Prototyping

Engineering process of building and testing virtual models before physical production.

Building Information Modeling (BIM)

3D model-based process for planning, designing, and managing building projects.

AutoCAD

Autodesk software for 2D and 3D computer-aided design and drafting.

World Wide Web (WWW)

Interlinked documents accessible via browsers on the internet.

Tim Berners-Lee

Inventor of the World Wide Web.

Web 1.0

Static, read-only web with one-way communication.

Web 2.0

Dynamic, read-and-write web with two-way communication and user interaction.

Folksonomy

User-generated system of classifying content with freely chosen keywords or tags.

Web 3.0

Third generation of the web incorporating AI, 3D graphics, ubiquitous connectivity, and open identity.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Simulation of human intelligence in machines, including natural language processing and machine learning.

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

AI branch that enables computers to understand and generate human language.

Machine Learning

AI technique where systems improve performance by learning from data.

Machine Reasoning

AI capability that allows systems to draw logical conclusions from data.

3D Graphics

Three-dimensional visual representations used in games, virtual museums, and e-commerce.

Ubiquitous Connectivity

Continuous access to web services across multiple devices and applications.

Open Identity

System allowing users to log in to multiple sites with a single set of credentials.