The Respiratory System 1.0

atel/o

Incomplete, imperfect

bronch/o, bronchi/o

Bronchial tube, bronchus

cyan/o

Blue

-ectasis

Stretching, dilation, enlargement

Laryng/o

Larynx, throat

ox/i, ox/o, ox/y

Oxygen

pharyng/o

Pharynx, throat

phon/o

Voice, sound

pleur/o

Pleura, side of the body

-pnea

Breathing

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu-

breath, breathing lung, air

pulm/o, pulmon/o

Lung

tachy-

Fast, rapid

thorac/o, -thorax

Chest, pleural, cavity

trache/o

Trachea, windpipe

Anoxia

The absence or almost complete absence of oxygen from inspired gases, arterial blood, or tissues.

Anthracosis

A form of pneumoconiosis caused by coal dust in the lungs; also known as black lung disease

Aphonia

Loss of the ability to produce normal speech sounds

Apnea

The absence of spontaneous respiration

Asbestosis

A form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles found in the lungs of workers from the ship-building and construction trades

Asphyxia

Pathologic changes caused by a lack of oxygen in air that is inhaled

Asphyxiation

Any interruption of breathing that results in the loss of consciousness or death; also known as suffocation

Asthma

A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of serve breathing difficulty, coughing and wheezing

Atelectasis

A condition in which the lung fails to expand because air cannot pass beyond the bronchioles; also known as a collapsed lung

Bradypnea

An abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually fewer than 10 breaths per minute

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchial walls

Bronchoconstrictor

Medication that narrows the opening of the passages into the lungs

Brochodilator

Medication that expands the opening of the passages into the lungs

Brochopneumonia

A form of pneumonia that begins in the bronchioles

Bronchorrhagia

Bleeding from the bronchi

Bronchorrhea

An excessive charge of mucus from the bronchi

Bronchoscopy

Visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

Cheyenne-Stokes respiration

A pattern of alternating periods of hypertension (rapid breathing), hypopnea (slow breathing), and apnea (the absence of breathing)

Croup

An acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough

Cystic fibrosis

A genetic disorder in which the lungs are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus and the digestive system is impaired by thick gluelike mucus that interferes with digestive juices

Diphtheria

An acute infectious disease of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the presence of diphtheria bacteria

Dysphonia

Any voice impairment including hoarseness, weakness, or loss of voice

Dyspnea

Difficult or laborer breathing; also known as shortness of breath

Emphysema

The progressive loss of lung function due to a decrease in the total number of alveoli, the enlargement of the remaining alveoli, and then the progressive destruction of their walls.

Empyema

An accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity; also known as pyothorax

Endotracheal intubation

The passage of tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish an airway

Epiglottitis

Inflammation of the epididymis

Epistaxis

Bleeding from the nose; also known as a nosebleed