Cell Cycle and Mitosis Notes

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms and definitions related to the cell cycle and mitosis.

Mitosis

The process of cell division where each daughter cell receives a diploid complement of chromosomes identical to its parent cell.

Interphase

The longest phase of the cell cycle where the cell performs its normal functions and prepares for division.

G1 Phase

The first phase of interphase where the cell grows and performs its work with unduplicated chromosomes.

S Phase

The synthesis phase of interphase where DNA replication occurs.

G2 Phase

The third phase of interphase involving final preparations for mitosis, where some conditions may cause the cell to enter G0 or apoptosis.

Prophase

The phase of mitosis characterized by the preparation of chromosomes, the doubling of centrioles, and the disappearance of the nucleolus.

Metaphase

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes align at the metaphase plate and the nucleus disappears.

Anaphase

The shortest phase of mitosis where sister chromatids are separated from each other.

Telophase

The phase of mitosis where chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, decondense, and are surrounded by new nuclear envelopes.

Cytokinesis

The process that occurs after mitosis where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.

Chromosome

The most condensed structure of a DNA molecule, composed of DNA and proteins.

Gene

A sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule with a function, acting as a locus on a chromosome.

Diploid

A cell with paired chromosomes; in humans, this includes 46 chromosomes.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes.

46

How many chromosomes do humans have?

44

The amount of homologous humans have

2

The amount of nonhomologous (sex chromosomes) in humans

Genome

Prokaryotes & eukaryotes

Checkpoints

G₁ Phase, S Phase, G₂ Phase, and M Phase

RNA

Adenine

Guanine

Cytosine

Uracil

DNA

Adenine

Guanine

Cytosine

Thymine

Mitosis Phase

• Prophase

• Metaphase  

• Anaphase  

• Telophase

Mitosis Pmat of humans