BIO120- Cell membrane

homeostasis

general function of cell membrane: helps to maintain _______________

structural

general function of cell membrane: ______________ suppor. connection between plasma membranes help give tissue stability

sensitivty; receptors

general function of cell membrane: __________ to environment. _________ allow cells to recognize and respond to molecules from the environment

regulation; exit

general function of cell membrane: _________ of exchange. controls ________of ions and molecules; controls ______ of waste and secretion

phospholipids

biological molecule found in cell membrane: Starts with Ph

cholesterol

biological molecule found in cell membrane: Starts with Ch

carbohydrates

biological molecule found in cell membrane: Starts with C

protein

biological molecule found in cell membrane: Starts with P

membrane lipid

what makes up the majoirty of the surface of the cell membrane?

polar; hydrophillic

the phospholipid head is ________ and __________

non-polar; hydrophobic

the phospholipid tail is ____________ and ____________

fluidity; temperatures

role of cholesterol in the membrane: Contained within the lipid bilayer and help regulate __________ of the membrabe at different ____________

integral

protein structure: span the entire cell membrane from one side to the other

peripheral proteins

protein structure: located on one side of the cell membrane or the other

membrane transport

function of protein in the membrane: protein channel and pumps substances across the membrane

enzymes

function of protein in the membrane: acts as an _________ to catalyze reactions

signal transduction

function of protein in the membrane: has a binding site for a specific chemical messenger

cellular; identification

function of protein in the membrane: ________ recognition. serve as _________ tags that are recognized by membrane proteins of other cells

connection

function of protein in the membrane: ___________ between cells. forms junctions that hook different cells together

shape; stabalize

function of protein in the membrane: binds to cytoskeletal elements inside cell to maintain _________ and __________ proteins

glycocalyx

carbohydrates in the membrane that make up glycoproteins and glycolipids to form the:

lubricates; protects

function of glycocalyx: Glycoproteins and glycolipids form a viscous layer that _________ and _________ the membrane

anchor; locomotion

function of glycocalyx: Glycocalyx is sticky, so it can help _________ the cell in place and participates in ____________ of specialized cells

specificity in binding

function of glycocalyx: Glycoproteins and glycolipids can function as receptors for specific extracellular compounds

No

Are all proteins stationary?

Rafts

proteins confined to certain areas of the membrane

selectively

cell membranes are ___________ permeable, only letting in certain materials

composition

Membrane passage factor: __________ of membrane molecules

properties

Membrane passage factor: ____________ of substance to pass through

passive transport

Energy comes from random motion (or kinetic energy) of molecules and their concentration gradients

active transport

energy comes from ATP hydrolysis

concentration gradient

The difference between low and high concentration of molecules

potential

what kind of energy is stored in a concentration gradient?

diffusion

Over time molecules will tend to become more evenly distributed

shorter

Affect on diffusion rate: ________ distance means the gradient will be eliminated faster

smaller

Affect on diffusion rate: _________ molecules in size diffuse faster

higher

Affect on diffusion rate: ____________ temperature means faster diffusion

larger

Affect on diffusion rate: _________ gradient means faster diffusion

opposite

Affect on diffusion rate: _____________ electrical attractions will have a faster diffusion rate

simple diffusion

when molecules move down their concentration gradient directly across the lipid of a membrane

channel-mediated

when molecules cross the membrane using pathways created by transmembrane proteins, down their conncetration gradients

plasma; permeable

equilliberium exists in membrane because a typical _________ membrane is freely __________

osmosis

net diffusion of water across a membrane

aquaporins

water channels in membrane

high; low

water moves from ________ to _________ water concentrations

low; high

water moves from __________ to __________ solute concentration

tonicity

describes the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

isotonic

total solute concentration on inside of cell is equal to the outside of the cell

hypertonic

higher solute concentration

hypotonic

lower solute concentration

facilitated diffusion

uses carrier proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradients

Na+; K+

In the sodium potassium pump, ________ is higher outside the cell, and _________ is higher inside the cell

inside; outside

Na+ likes to move __________ the cell, and K+ likes to move ___________ the cel

3

how many sodium ions move outside the cell through the sodium potassium pump?

2

how many potassium ions move inside the cell through the sodium potassium pump?

contransport

uses energy stores in concentration gradient to moveone solute down the gradient and another solute agaisnt the gradient